{"id":11455,"date":"2018-11-20T08:33:24","date_gmt":"2018-11-20T01:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T03:12:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T20:12:03","slug":"cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\"> C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng warfarin hay c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20.7999992370605px;text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"width: 440px;height: 330px\" src=\"\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/Documents\/2210_xet-nghiem-dong-mau.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 20.7999992370605px;text-align: center\"><em>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh:\u00a0www.medicaldaily.com) <\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thanh-phan-cau-tao-cua-mau\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<h3><strong> Huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch l\u1ecfng trong m\u00e1u, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u00e1u. Huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hormone, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c enzyme, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, mu\u1ed1i,\u2026<\/p>\n<h3><strong>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u00e1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u2018g\u1ed1c\u2019 m\u00e1u. C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> H\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u<\/strong>: C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u. M\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi ch\u00fang gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 haemoglobin (huy\u1ebft s\u1eafc t\u1ed1) &#8211; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u00f4 xi. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u00f4 xi t\u1edbi ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong> B\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u<\/strong>: bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 neutrophils (b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n trung t\u00ednh), b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho, eosinophils (b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u01b0a axit), basophils (b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u01b0a ki\u1ec1m). C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u<\/strong>: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, gi\u00fap m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"co-che-dong-mau\">C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y sau khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb c\u1eaft, ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u trong m\u00e1u k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00f3n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau xung quanh v\u1ebft c\u1eaft. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t\u201d n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i protein kh\u00e1c trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng xung quanh v\u1ebft c\u1eaft. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 13 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 La M\u00e3 \u2013 t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 I \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 XIII.<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i m\u1ecfng (l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u00e0 fibrin) t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 I (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fibrinogen &#8211; m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein h\u00f2a tan). C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i fibrin n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u1eaby c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong m\u00e1u c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc &#8220;h\u00f2a tan&#8221; c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng trong m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cac-roi-loan-ve-chay-mau\">C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u khi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u trong m\u00e1u (b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u) do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh haemophilia A (b\u1ec7nh m\u00e1u kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng A); x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u s\u1ed1 VIII.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebfu vitamin K. Lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<li>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong gan. B\u1edfi v\u00ec gan l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u2013 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"cac-roi-loan-ve-dong-mau\">C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au tim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn tim hay n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng x\u01a1 v\u1eefa (c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o) trong m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u (huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u &#8211; DVT), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>Do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong gan \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, b\u1edfi gan l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nghi ng\u1edd c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ea7m t\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh gan m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o\u00a0ra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 warfarin (\u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi ng\u1edd. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-cong-thuc-mau\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u<\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng quy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed7i ml m\u00e1u. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u trong m\u00e1u th\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-thoi-gian-chay-mau\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u<\/h3>\n<p>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean d\u00e1i tai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1nh tay v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian m\u00e1u ng\u1eebng ch\u1ea3y. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau-thong-thuong\">C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eabu m\u00e1u sau khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PT hay x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m APTT \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng sau khi b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0o m\u1eabu m\u00e1u. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu m\u00e1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-de-theo-doi-su-dung-thuoc-chong-dong-mau\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u0111ang d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng) b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 \u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m INR l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 warfarin) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 INR c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PT nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c y t\u00e1 s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c INR \u2018\u0111\u00edch\u2019 cho b\u1ea1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00fd do b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c INR \u2018\u0111\u00edch\u2019 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-cac-yeu-to-dong-mau-cu-the\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u) trong m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 VIII trong m\u1eabu m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Haemophili A hay kh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Haemophili A th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-kha-nang-tieu-cau-ngung-ket\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n<p>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1ea1i (ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft) sau khi b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1eabu m\u00e1u. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xet-nghiem-kiem-tra-tinh-trang-mau-de-dong\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1u d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u ki\u1ec3m tra \u2018y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 V Leiden\u2019. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 V &#8211; khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cac-xet-nghiem-khac\">C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 do thi\u1ebfu vitamin, do b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong gan, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006400\"> <span style=\"font-size: 18px\"> <strong> Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i <\/strong> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><em> <strong> Wafarin <\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee5c. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vitamin K &#8211; lo\u1ea1i vitamin c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.patient.co.uk\/medicine\/warfarin-an-anticoagulant-marevan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.patient.co.uk\/medicine\/warfarin-an-anticoagulant-marevan <\/a> ) <\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #006400\"> <span style=\"font-size: 18px\"> <strong> T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o <\/strong> <\/span> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.patient.co.uk\/health\/blood-clotting-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.patient.co.uk\/health\/blood-clotting-tests <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng warfarin hay c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":11456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6176,5146,6175],"tags":[5414,6295],"series":[6178],"coauthors":[6143],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng warfarin hay c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng warfarin hay c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-11-20T01:33:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-16T20:12:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2014\/10\/cac-xet-nghiem-dong-mau.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"659\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ths. 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