{"id":12185,"date":"2018-11-21T13:41:33","date_gmt":"2018-11-21T06:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/sieu-am-tim\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T03:44:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T20:44:18","slug":"sieu-am-tim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/sieu-am-tim\/","title":{"rendered":"Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Si\u00eau<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tim.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: <\/u> <\/strong> Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim (Echocardiography, Ultasound scan of the heart, Cardiac Echo ho\u1eb7c Cardiac Ultrasound) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tim.<\/p>\n

S\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 tim, c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a tim nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 van.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i si\u00eau \u00e2m tim?<\/h2>\n

\"h\u00ecnh <\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu tim b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (A) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh si\u00eau \u00e2m tim m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft 4 bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ecfm tim b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (B), h\u00ecnh si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 u nh\u1ea7y nh\u0129 tr\u00e1i (M-Myxoma) (C), h\u00ecnh si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng van hai l\u00e1 do th\u1ea5p (Rheumatic mitral valve) (D). LA, LV, RA, RV l\u00e0 t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim. <\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau. Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tim sau m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111au th\u1eaft ng\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e1 van tim. Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch t\u00edch t\u1ee5 xung quanh tim (tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0ng tim).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n si\u00eau \u00e2m tim nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 h\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean v\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n (gel) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi da. \u0110\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u00e1p. S\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2, xuy\u00ean qua da v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tim. C\u00e1c s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e2m hay h\u1ed3i \u00e2m)\u00a0sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tim.<\/p>\n

C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4 m\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u00e2m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u00f3ng \u00e2m xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 do qua l\u1edbp d\u1ecbch, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e1u trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed3ng tim s\u1ebd cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n \u00e2m k\u00e9m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u00e1 van c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4 n\u00ean s\u00f3ng \u00e2m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i, cho ph\u1ea3n \u00e2m d\u00e0y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m tim. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec v\u1eady si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c van tim m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng trong l\u00fac si\u00eau \u00e2m. B\u00e1c s\u0129 si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t da \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng si\u00eau \u00e2m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1eb9p h\u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e1 van, d\u00e0y c\u01a1 tim, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1ea9m sinh,\u2026<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 15-30 ph\u00fat. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tim v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n si\u00eau \u00e2m. B\u1ea1n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau si\u00eau \u00e2m. V\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt si\u00eau \u00e2m tim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim Doppler (Doppler echocardiography) <\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau trong bu\u1ed3ng tim. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf l\u00e1 van b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c van tim ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tim \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c (stress). B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tim trong ho\u1eb7c ngay sau khi l\u00e0m si\u00eau \u00e2m tim g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tim b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau \u00e2m tim qua th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n (Transoesophageal echocardiography) <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n si\u00eau \u00e2m qua th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nu\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u00e1p m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m. Tim s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec tim n\u1eb1m ngay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tim r\u00f5 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi si\u00eau \u00e2m tim th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 van tim tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 van \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng van tim.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. http:\/\/www.patient.co.uk\/health\/echocardiogram <\/a><\/li>\n
  2. http:\/\/www.iu22ultrasound.com\/gallery\/iu22ultrasound.com\/Cardiac_1.jpg <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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