{"id":13220,"date":"2016-05-10T13:47:31","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T06:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/phu-luc-6-pha-thuoc-tiem-tinh-mach-vao-dich-truyen\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:20:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:20:51","slug":"phu-luc-6-pha-thuoc-tiem-tinh-mach-vao-dich-truyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/phu-luc-6-pha-thuoc-tiem-tinh-mach-vao-dich-truyen\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 6: Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, \u0111a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0 v.v&#8230;) nhi\u1ec1u khi ph\u1ea3i pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m thu\u1ed1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u khoa D\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c &#8220;Ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp trung pha th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.1. Thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha th\u00eam v\u00e0o chai d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c khi ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>1.2. N\u00f3i chung, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o chai d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p. D\u1ecbch m\u1edbi pha xong ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ngay. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n manitol ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri hydrocarbonat. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u0169 d\u1ecbch lipid hay c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n acid amin.<\/p>\n<p>1.3. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafc k\u1ef9 dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>1.4. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 24 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>1.5. Chai d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 ghi h\u1ecd t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, t\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 pha th\u00eam, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edd pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c (v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi). Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ee5 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c chai \u0111\u1ef1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p>1.6. Trong khi truy\u1ec1n, c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quan s\u00e1t d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n trong chai. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c, k\u1ebft tinh, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 hay \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n ngay.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2.1. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh v\u1eadt: S\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt trong d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng Candida, Enterobacter, Klebsiella&#8230;. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>2.2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5: T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hay h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c. Dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi pha th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra do thay \u0111\u1ed5i pH, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf, v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y vi\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: diazepam, cefalothin&#8230;) ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c da hay ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed do tho\u00e1t m\u1ea1ch (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: natri hydrocarbonat v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o). C\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c d\u1ecbch keo, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: amphotericin).<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u00f3m beta lactam nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c penicilin b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cephalosporin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n protein v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch &#8211; d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi pha th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ampicilin trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9a glucose v\u00e0 lactat, mustin hydroclorid trong d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gentamycin ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi carbenicilin. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a dacarbazin li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1u: Do c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5, n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean pha th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o m\u00e1u hay c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n manitol \u01b0u tr\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u kh\u00eda tai b\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c), dextran (t\u1ea1o tr\u1ee5 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 giao thoa v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e9o), glucose (k\u1ebft v\u00f3n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 oxytoxin (b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t).<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f4ng fibrin l\u00e0m t\u1eafc d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u0169 d\u1ecbch lipid ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng b\u1edfi k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch pha khi tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n acid amin, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n manitol v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri hydrocarbonat, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 clorocre- sol (0,1%) hay nitrat phenylmercuric (0,001%). Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ti\u00eam c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n khi pha th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15 ml.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ngay. Kali clorid c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid 0,9%, glucose 5% hay d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid v\u00e0 glu- cose, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 20, 27 v\u00e0 40 mmol\/l. Lidocain hydroclorid th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1 hay 0,2% trong d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch glucose 5%.<\/p>\n<p>Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ngay th\u00ec m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn pha ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn, c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong thao t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 pha xong ph\u1ea3i cho v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ngay \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam ampicilin \u0111\u00e3 pha ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 pH nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam furosemid ph\u1ea3i pha lo\u00e3ng trong d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 pH l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5,5).<\/p>\n<p>Khi pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean pha thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o chai d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch v\u00ec kh\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n thu\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n k\u1ef9 th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c pha th\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kali clorid d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n k\u1ef9 khi cho th\u00eam v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c t\u00fai m\u1ec1m, khi truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng cho tim.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb l\u00fac pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi l\u00fac ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 pha tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00ec th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 khi thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y 10%. Khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp trung pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khoa D\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong v\u00f2ng 12 gi\u1edd sau khi \u0111\u00e3 pha th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong khi truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u oxy h\u00f3a, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: amphotericin, dacarbazin, natri nitroprusiat. 840 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 6: Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 heparin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m ti\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng heparin c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 48 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch natri clorid 0,9%).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c;<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c;<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: Thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam pha th\u00eam ph\u1ea3i pha trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn. Penicilin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cephalosporin th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 100 ml trong 30 ph\u00fat. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c carbenicilin, dacarbazin, gentamicin hay ticarcilin.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfm gi\u1ecdt l\u1eafp trong b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khoa \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8220;piggy back&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c pha th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee5 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ch\u1eef Y \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch. Dung d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed1c tho\u00e1t m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam qua th\u00e0nh cao su c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00eam c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n nhanh. N\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh nhanh th\u00ec n\u00ean ti\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n glucose 5%, 10%, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid 0,9%, d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n Ringer v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n Ringer lactat. Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi glucose 5% v\u00e0 v\u1edbi natri clorid 0,9% th\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n glucose + natri clorid. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i khi d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin trong chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Aciclovir natri (Zovirac IV, Aciclovir IV, Mayne; Aciclovir IV, Genus; Aciclovir Sodium, Zurich).<\/p>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid + glucose ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n Ringer lactat. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Zovirac IV; Aciclovir IV (Genus); Aciclovir Sodium (Zurich), \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean pha aciclovir t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 25 mg\/ml trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a lo\u00e3ng (kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 mg\/ml) v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50 ml, truy\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 25 mg\/ml s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Aciclovir IV (Mayne), pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 mg\/ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 1 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acid tranexamic (Cyklokapron)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer. Alfentanil hydroclorid (Rapifen preparation)<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay Ringer lactat. Amikacin sulfat (Amikin)<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% hay Ringer lactat. Truy\u1ec1n trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Aminophylin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat. Amiodaron hydroclorid (Cordarone X)<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n 250 ml trong 20 &#8211; 120 ph\u00fat. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, t\u1ed5ng li\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111a 1,2 gam\/24 gi\u1edd trong 500 ml. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean pha lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 600 microgam trong 1 ml. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n natri clorid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Amoxicilin natri (Amoxil)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. Dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 pha lo\u00e3ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ngay, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 100 ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 30 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat, qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch glu- cose 5%, natri clorid 0,9%, Ringer ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Amphotericin d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p natri deoxycholat (Fungizone)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. Pha m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi 10 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam, l\u1eafc k\u1ef9 ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch keo c\u00f3 5 mg\/ml, h\u00f2a lo\u00e3ng ti\u1ebfp trong d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 100 microgam\/ml, pH c\u1ee7a glucose kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 4,2 (c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra pH t\u1eebng b\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n xem th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec7m) truy\u1ec1n trong kho\u1ea3ng 2 &#8211; 4 gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed1c (li\u1ec1u th\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u 1 mg trong 20 &#8211; 30 ph\u00fat).<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n ngay sau khi pha lo\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch natri clorid, ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ampicilin natri (Penbritin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<li>Dung d\u1ecbch pha v\u00e0 h\u00f2a lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ngay, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 100 ml, th\u1eddi gian 30 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat, qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5%, natri clorid 0,9%, Ringer hay Ringer lactat. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Atenolol (Tenormin)<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay natri clorid 0,9%, th\u1eddi gian kho\u1ea3ng 20 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Azathioprin (mu\u1ed1i natri) (Imuran)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid v\u00e0 glu- cose. Pha 50 mg v\u1edbi 5 &#8211; 15 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam; pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 20 &#8211; 200 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Benzylpenicilin natri (Crystapen)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay natri clorid 0,9%, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 100 ml. Truy\u1ec1n trong 30 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Betamethason natri phosphat (Betnesol)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Bleomycin sulfat<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 200 ml, truy\u1ec1n ch\u1eadm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Calci gluconat<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay natri clorid 0,9%. Tr\u00e1nh bicarbonat, phosphat hay sulfat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefamandol nafat (Kefadol)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10% hay natri clorid 0,9%. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefazolin natri (Kefzol)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10%, hay natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. Sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi 50 &#8211; 100 ml b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefotaxim natri (Claforan; Cefotaxim Injection, Genus )<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%, ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat hay n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 40 &#8211; 100 ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 20 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefoxitin natri (Mefoxin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10% hay natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefradin (Velosef)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10% hay natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer hay Ringer lactat. Pha 500 mg v\u1edbi 5 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%, sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ceftazidim pentahydrat (Fortum Kefadim)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10%, natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan 2 g trong 10 ml (3 g trong 15 ml) d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Fortum, pha lo\u00e3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 40 mg\/ml; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kefadim, pha lo\u00e3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 20 mg\/ml; truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ceftriaxon (mu\u1ed1i natri) (Rocephin; Ceftriaxone Injection, Genus)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hay qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10%\u00a0hay natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Pha l\u1ecd 2 g v\u1edbi 40 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong 30\u00a0ph\u00fat (60 ph\u00fat \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh). Kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 calci.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cefuroxim natri (Zinacef)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0natri clorid 0,9% hay Ringer lactat.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 ml cho \u1ed1ng 250 mg, 15\u00a0ml cho \u1ed1ng 1,5 g). Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 50 &#8211; 100 ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cimetidin (Tagamet)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 100 ml truy\u1ec1n trong 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cisplatin (Cisplatin, Pharmacia; Cisplatin Solution, Mayne)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c trong natri clorid + glucose.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean pha b\u1ed9t cisplatin v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch 1 mg\/ml,\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng trong 2 l\u00edt d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Truy\u1ec1n trong 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cladribin (Leustat)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%. Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 100 &#8211; 500 ml.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch glucose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Clarithromycin (Klaricid IV)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c\u00a0Ringer hay Ringer lactat.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan thu\u1ed1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (500 mg trong 10 ml), sau \u0111\u00f3\u00a0pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 2 mg\/ml. Truy\u1ec1n trong 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Clindamycin phosphat (Dalacin C phosphat)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid\u00a00,9%.<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 10 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat (1,2 g trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60 ph\u00fat).<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Clomipramin hydroclorid (Anafranil)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.\u00a0(xem th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 li\u1ec1u th\u1eed ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n 125 &#8211; 500 ml trong 45 &#8211; 180 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Clonazepam (Rivotril)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, 10% hay natri clorid 0,9% .Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng 250 ml.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cloramphenicol natri sucinat (Kemicetine)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% hay natriclorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cloroquin sulfat (Nivaquin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Co-amoxiclav (Augmentin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. C\u1ea7nxem th\u00eam t\u1edd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 50 &#8211; 100 ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 30 &#8211; 40 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac trongv\u00f2ng 4 gi\u1edd, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac pha thu\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>Qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Colistinmethat natri (Colomycin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 50 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Co-trimoxazol (Septrim for infusion).<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, 10% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% hayRinger.<\/li>\n<li>Pha lo\u00e3ng 1 \u1ed1ng (5 ml) th\u00e0nh 125 ml, 2 \u1ed1ng (10 ml) th\u00e0nh 250 ml ho\u1eb7c3 \u1ed1ng (15 ml) th\u00e0nh 500 ml. Th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng 90 ph\u00fat (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch).<\/li>\n<li>Khi c\u1ea7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha lo\u00e3ng 1 \u1ed1ng (5 ml) v\u1edbi 75 mlglucose 5%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cyclophosphamid (Endoxana)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean pha trong natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Desferioxamin mesylat (Desferal)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9%. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan thu\u1ed1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (500 mg\/5 ml) sau \u0111\u00f3pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dexamethason natri phosphat (Decadron; Dexamethasone, Mayne;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dexamethasone, Organon)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<li>Dexamethason (Organon) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong Ringer ho\u1eb7c Ringerlactat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Diazepam (dung d\u1ecbch) (Diazepam, CP)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10 mg\/200 ml. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong 6gi\u1edd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi l\u00fac truy\u1ec1n xong. Thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u1edfm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Diclofenac natri (Voltarol)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9% .Pha lo\u00e3ng 75 mg v\u1edbi 100 &#8211; 500 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng 0,5 mldung d\u1ecbch natri hydrocarbonat 8,4%, ho\u1eb7c 1 ml dung d\u1ecbch natri hydrocar-bonat 4,2%). \u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, truy\u1ec1n 25 &#8211; 50 mg trong 15 &#8211; 60ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c 75 mg trong 30 &#8211; 120 ph\u00fat; \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 5mg\/gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Digoxin (Lanoxin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. Truy\u1ec1ntrong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dinoproston (Prostin E2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dobutamin hydroclorid (Dobutrex, Posiject)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.H\u00f2a lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5 mg &#8211; 1 mg\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n qua 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1uch\u1ec9nh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch. Khi truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n (t\u1ed1i \u0111a5 mg\/ml) d\u00f9ng b\u01a1m truy\u1ec1n.T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi bicarbonat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dopamin hydroclorid (Intropin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringerlactat.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1,6 mg\/ml. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n bicarbonat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Doxorubicin hydroclorid (Doxorubicin Rapid Dissolution, DoxorubicinSolution) (c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pharmacia)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha Doxorubicin Rapid Dissolution v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9% (10 mg trong 5 ml, 50 mg trong 25 ml). Truy\u1ec1n trong 2 &#8211; 5 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Epirubicin hydroclorid (Pharmorubicin Rapid Dissolution, PharmorubicinSolution)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pha v\u1edbi natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (10 mg\/5 ml, 20 mg\/10ml, 50 mg\/25 ml). Ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c trong 3 &#8211; 5 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Erythromycin lactobionat<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% (trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ngnatri hydrocarbonat) hay natri clorid 0,9%.\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (1 g trong 20 ml) sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ngt\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1 mg\/ml \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1 &#8211; 5 mg\/ml \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1nkh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb 20 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Etoposid (Eposin; Vepesid; Etoposide, APS and Mayne)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%. V\u1edbi Vepesid pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbin\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 250 microgam\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbiEtoposide (APS) pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c glucose 5% t\u1edbin\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 200 microgam\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi Etoposide(Mayne) pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c glucose 5% t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 250 microgam\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi Eposinpha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c glucose 5% t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 200 &#8211; 400microgam\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 ph\u00fat. Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n trongqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch xem c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c hay b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Flumazenil (Anexate)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% hay natri clorid 0,9%. Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 6: Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n 847<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fluouracil natri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glu-cose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 30 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fatho\u1eb7c trong 4 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Foscarnet natri (Foscavir)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 12 mg\/ml, truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean (d\u1ea1ngthu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng pha lo\u00e3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m). Truy\u1ec1n\u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong 1 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Furosemid (mu\u1ed1i natri) (Lasix)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch Ringer. pH c\u1ee7ad\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 5,5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 4 mg\/ph\u00fat. C\u00e1cdung d\u1ecbch glucose kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Gentamycin sulfat (Cidomycin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7ctrong natri clorid 0,9%. Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 50 &#8211; 100 ml, trong 20 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Glyceryl trinitrat (Nitrocine, Nitronal, Tridil)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. V\u1edbi Tridil phalo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 400 microgam\/ml. V\u1edbi Nitrocine n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 100 microgam\/ml.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng polyvinyl clorid (nh\u01b0 Viaflexhay Steriflex). Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng polyethylenho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o qua b\u01a1m ti\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nhl\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Heparin natri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% .N\u00ean truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hydralazin hydroclorid (Apresoline)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n500 ml.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hydrocortison natri phosphat (Efcortesol)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose5% hay natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hydrocortison natri sucinat (Solu-Cortef)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong glucose5% hay natri clorid 0,9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Imipenem v\u00e0 cilastatin (mu\u1ed1i natri) (Primaxin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% v\u00e0 glucose. 848 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 6: Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1nPha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 5 mg\/ml (t\u00ednh theo imipenem). Truy\u1ec1n 250 &#8211; 500mg (t\u00ednh theo imipenem) trong 20 &#8211; 30 ph\u00fat, 1 g trong 40 &#8211; 60 ph\u00fat.Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Insulin (tan)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c trong Ringer lactat.B\u1ecb h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Isosorbid dinitrat (Isoket 0,05%, Isoket 0,1%)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.B\u1ecb h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ngpolyvinyl clorid. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh hay polyethylenho\u1eb7c qua m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m ti\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n. Isoket 0,05% c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng phalo\u00e3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m ti\u00eam th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1m ti\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ketamin hydroclorid (Ketalar)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi 1 mg\/ml. Truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u00ea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Magnesi sulfat<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a200 mg\/ml.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Melphalan (Alkeran)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, trong natri clorid 0,9%.Pha v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i, sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e090 ph\u00fat t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi khi truy\u1ec1n xong. T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbchtruy\u1ec1n glucose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Methotrexat natri (Methotrexat, Lederle)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer hay Ringer lactat.Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. T\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u00fac pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c t\u1edbikhi truy\u1ec1n xong t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Methylprednisolon natri sucinat (Solu-Medrone)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. C\u00e1c li\u1ec1u chot\u1edbi 250 mg ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 5 ph\u00fat, c\u00e1c li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1ntrong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metoclopramid hydroclorid (Maxolon High Dose)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9% hay Ringer lactat.N\u00ean truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c pha lo\u00e3ng li\u1ec1u n\u1ea1p v\u1edbi 50 &#8211; 100 ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n trong15 &#8211; 20 ph\u00fat. V\u1edbi li\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec, pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 500 ml, truy\u1ec1n trong 8 &#8211; 12 gi\u1edd. Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n trong\u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Naloxon (Min-I-Jet Naloxone Hydroclorid, Narcan)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 4 microgam\/ml.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Natri nitroprusiat (Mayne)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. Pha 50 mg v\u1edbi 2 &#8211; 3 ml glucose 5%,sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng ngay v\u1edbi 250 &#8211; 1000 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbithi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Noradrenalin acid tartrat\/Norepinephrin bitartrat (Levophed)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid v\u00e0 glucose. Truy\u1ec1nqua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c qua m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m ti\u00eam\u0111i\u1ec7n, pha lo\u00e3ng 4 mg noradrenalin acid tartrat (2 ml dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c) v\u1edbi48 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, pha lo\u00e3ng 40 mg (20 mldung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c) v\u1edbi 480 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng(catheter) t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m.T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Oxytocin (Syntocinon)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringerho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1edd qua 1 b\u01a1m truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ebb pha lo\u00e3ng 5 \u0111\u01a1nv\u1ecb trong 500 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u t\u1eed cung sau \u0111\u1ebb, phalo\u00e3ng 5 &#8211; 30 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong 500 ml.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u cao trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thai ch\u1ebft l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7cs\u1ea3y thai kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u sau khi \u0111\u1ebb) d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecfd\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng glucose 5%) truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 caoh\u01a1n khi d\u00f9ng g\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ebb. Ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pentamidin isetionat (Pentacarinat)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam (300 mg trong 3 &#8211; 5 ml) sau \u0111\u00f3 phalo\u00e3ng trong 50 &#8211; 250 ml. Truy\u1ec1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Phytomenadion (ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mixen) (Konakion MM)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 55 ml. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3ti\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Piperacilin v\u00e0 tazobactam (mu\u1ed1i natri) (Tazocin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>Pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% (2,25 gam trong 10 ml,4,5 gam trong 20 ml) sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 ml v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.Truy\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng 20 &#8211; 30 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Quinin dihydroclorid<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%. Truy\u1ec1n trong 4 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ranitidin hydroclorid (Zantac)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer lactat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rifampicin (Rifadin, Rimactane)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% v\u00e0 10% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%ho\u1eb7c Ringer.<\/li>\n<li>Pha v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i \u0111i k\u00e8m, sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi 250 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n(Rimactan) ho\u1eb7c 500 ml d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n (Rifadin). Truy\u1ec1n trong 2 &#8211; 3 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Salbutamol sulfat (Ventolin for Intravenos Infusion)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, pha lo\u00e3ng 5 mgv\u1edbi 500 ml glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%. Trong chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 s\u1edbm:Pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi glucose 5% t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 200 microgam\/ml \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trongb\u01a1m ti\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c (t\u1ed1tnh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 20microgam\/ml. C\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ang\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sulfadiazin natri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong natri clorid 0,9%. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 500 ml.Thu\u1ed1c trong \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 pH tr\u00ean 10.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Suxamethonium clorid (Anectine)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Ticarcilin natri v\u00e0 acid clavulanic (Timentin)Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edchglucose 5% t\u1eeb 50 &#8211; 150 ml (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng) ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam25 &#8211; 100 ml. Truy\u1ec1n trong 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tobramycin sulfat (Nebcin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natriclorid 0,9%. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 50 &#8211; 100 ml (tr\u1ebb em th\u1ec3t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng). Truy\u1ec1n trong 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Trinatri Edetat (Limclaire)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 10 mg\/ml. Truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 2 &#8211; 3 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vancomycin hydroclorid (Vancocin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9%.Pha 500 mg v\u1edbi 10 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ti\u00eam v\u00e0 pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi 5 mg\/ml v\u1edbi d\u1ecbchtruy\u1ec1n. Truy\u1ec1n trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60 ph\u00fat (t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e110 mg\/ph\u00fat) khi d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u tr\u00ean 500 mg thu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khikh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Valproat natri (Epilim)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5% ho\u1eb7c natri clorid0,9%. Pha v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i \u0111i k\u00e8m sau \u0111\u00f3 pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vecuronium bromid (Norcuron)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%, ho\u1eb7c natri clorid 0,9% ho\u1eb7c Ringer.Pha v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vinblastin sulfat (Velbe)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong natri clorid 0,9%. Pha thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi natri clorid0,9%. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1 ph\u00fat.Vincristin sulfat (Oncovin)<\/li>\n<li>Qua \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt trong natri clorid 0,9%, ho\u1eb7c glucose 5%.Zidovudin (Retrovir)<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong glucose 5%. Pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 2 mg\/mlho\u1eb7c 4 mg\/ml v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n trong 1 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nidqc.org.vn\/duocthu\/phu-luc-6-pha-them-thuoc-tiem-tinh-mach-vao-dich-truyen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nidqc.org.vn\/duocthu\/phu-luc-6-pha-them-thuoc-tiem-tinh-mach-vao-dich-truyen.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, \u0111a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0 v.v&#8230;) nhi\u1ec1u khi ph\u1ea3i pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m thu\u1ed1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":143,"featured_media":13221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5316,5317],"tags":[],"series":[],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 6: Pha th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n - 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