{"id":13237,"date":"2019-03-10T19:01:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-10T12:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/informed-consent-ky-1-xua-roi-loi-the-hippocrates\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:21:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:21:03","slug":"informed-consent-ky-1-xua-roi-loi-the-hippocrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/informed-consent-ky-1-xua-roi-loi-the-hippocrates\/","title":{"rendered":"Informed consent: K\u1ef3 1 – X\u01b0a r\u1ed3i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrates"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/strong>, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/p>\n

(tr\u00edch L\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrates)<\/p>\n

\"X\u01b0a<\/p>\n

G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Hippocrates v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m (empirical medicine) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd hay l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1eabn xem l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrates l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc y khoa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c – b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129. D\u00f9 v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrates xem b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb con, nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cInformed consent\u201d, xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 v\u1eafc-xin ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng y h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00c3<\/strong> \u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i!<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong s\u00e1ch y khoa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u201cv\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d (th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 M\u1ef9, sau khi \u201cc\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nuremberg (1948), v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn 1960, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u1ee5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh lao, l\u1eadu, giang mai… \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p tinh ho\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tinh ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (!) tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn cho vai tr\u00f2 \u201cl\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi… t\u1eaft m\u00e1y! Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hi v\u1ecdng hay ng\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb? Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n? V\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng – ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 b\u00e1c s\u0129 – b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i do b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Informed consent<\/strong>_\u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch_ l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng (k\u00e8m x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sao cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd). Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eebng n\u1ed9i dung trao \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sau khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kim ch\u1ec9 nam c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 Hippocrates x\u01b0a c\u0169 m\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28\/5\/2016<\/strong><\/p>\n

Informed Consent : K\u1ef3 2 – Logic v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n – Lo l\u1eafng cho th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng Informed Consent t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":13238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5146,5302],"tags":[7126],"series":[6216],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInformed consent: K\u1ef3 1: x\u01b0a r\u1ed3i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 hippocrates - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cInformed consent\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa TK 20 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao. 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