Trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn suy di\u1ec5n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (frequentist kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Bayesian \u2013 ND) khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. <\/em>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u00f3 854 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng (c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a\/kh\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a), \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cth\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c \u201cki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1i l\u1eadp v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 0.05 ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thang \u0111o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Bayes) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P.<\/p>\n Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i (sai) v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u00ec \u1edf c\u1ee1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch suy lu\u1eadn c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc \u2013 omics (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn y h\u1ecdc). C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo, trong khi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u1ee1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh sau \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 gene \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n 0.05% nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng quan t\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Bayes l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh ung th\u01b0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng (ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 (t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh) nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecf m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111i xa h\u01a1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan). Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u00ean gia, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u201cki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1i l\u1eadp\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u00e1i l\u1eadp hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hack k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P < 0.5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a P< 10^-9 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 gene ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai s\u00f3t r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 P=0.09 ph\u1ea3i thao t\u00fang s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t P<0.5 ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam v\u00f2ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng qua \u201ckhuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi b\u1ecf \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ta, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ec7ch. Thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea). Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n M\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea) l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u. M\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1edbi P<0.5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb gian l\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc n\u00e0o suy di\u1ec5n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, Bayesian ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i,ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc.Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi 390 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai kh\u00e1c nhau) trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 \u201cdao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c mong \u0111\u1ee3i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c nhau). L\u00e0m th\u00f4 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu v\u00e2y, ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng suy x\u00e9t n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t n\u00e0y. C\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi xem k\u1ef9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u0103m d\u00f2 cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u0103m d\u00f2, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00f9ng 1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n Con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. B\u1ecf m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb P (ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng\/c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n 1. Amrhein \u00a0V, Greenland \u00a0S, McShane \u00a0B. \u00a0Scientists rise up against statistical significance.\u00a0Nature<\/em>.2019;567(7748):305-307. doi:10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9<\/a>PubMed<\/a>Google Scholar<\/a>Crossref<\/a><\/p>\n 2. Wasswerstein \u00a0RL, Schirm \u00a0AL, Lazar \u00a0NA. \u00a0Moving to a world beyond\u00a0p<\/em><0.05.\u00a0\u00a0Am Stat<\/em>. 2019;73:1-19.doi:10.1080\/00031305.2019.1583913<\/a>Google Scholar<\/a>Crossref<\/a><\/p>\n 3. Canela-Xandri \u00a0O, Rawlik \u00a0K, Tenesa \u00a0A. \u00a0An atlas of genetic associations in UK Biobank.\u00a0\u00a0Nat Genet<\/em>.2018;50(11):1593-1599. doi:10.1038\/s41588-018-0248-z<\/a>PubMed<\/a>Google Scholar<\/a>Crossref<\/a><\/p>\n 4. Nosek \u00a0BA, Errington \u00a0TM. \u00a0Making sense of replications.\u00a0\u00a0Elife<\/em>. 2017;6:e23383. doi:10.7554\/eLife.23383<\/a>PubMed<\/a>Google Scholar<\/a>Crossref<\/a><\/p>\n 5. 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Kimmelman \u00a0J, Mogil \u00a0JS, Dirnagl \u00a0U. \u00a0Distinguishing between exploratory and confirmatory preclinical research will improve translation.\u00a0\u00a0PLoS Biol<\/em>. 2014;12(5):e1001863. doi:10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001863<\/a>PubMed<\/a>Google Scholar<\/a>Crossref<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn suy di\u1ec5n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":18567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5302],"tags":[9116,9082],"series":[6216],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n
Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111i xa h\u01a1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/h2>\n
Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n
M\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n
T\u00ednh th\u0103m d\u00f2 cao c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n