{"id":4826,"date":"2018-09-03T17:58:33","date_gmt":"2018-09-03T10:58:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2018\/09\/03\/9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T03:36:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T20:36:18","slug":"9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc\/","title":{"rendered":"9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u1eebng m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Parkinson, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111em l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n Parkinson &#8211; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t dopamine cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ee5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh insulin; \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ed9t b\u00ean teo c\u01a1 (ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t do ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"te-bao-goc-la-gi-\">T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u1eed. H\u1ee3p t\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n chia theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 400px;height: 300px\" src=\"\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/Documents\/1084_te-bao-goc.jpg\" alt=\"T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>H\u00ecnh 1: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cac-loai-te-bao-goc\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hai lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00f4i thai v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00f4i thai l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u00f4i thai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00f4i thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n n\u0103ng (totipotent) ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng (pluripotent). T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00f4i thai trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u sau th\u1ee5 tinh c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00f2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thai nhi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0o thai. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111a n\u0103ng (multipotent), b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c m\u00e1u , ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong su\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"su-phat-trien-cua-te-bao-goc\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 tinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c to\u00e0n n\u0103ng. Trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau th\u1ee5 tinh, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u1eed cung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0o thai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Kho\u1ea3ng 4 ng\u00e0y sau khi th\u1ee5 tinh v\u00e0 sau nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n chia, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00fai ph\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f4i nang. Ph\u00f4i nang n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. L\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhau thai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai trong t\u1eed cung. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong, s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00fd do v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhau thai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111a n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o h\u1ea3i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tien-bo-hien-nay\">Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cchuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d (somatic cell nuclear transfer-SCNT) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fa c\u1eebu n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Dolly, sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p SCNT, nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1998, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0o thai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00fang trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, &#8216;ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u2019, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1998 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c b\u00e0o thai v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra insulin.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chinh-tri-va-dao-duc\">Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00f4i thai (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i thai 5-7 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i- c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f4i nang) v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i thai (embryonic germ cells), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thai ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb s\u1ea3y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i thai ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i thai d\u01b0 th\u1eeba &#8211; s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 tinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua SCNT- k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i thai sau s\u1ea3y thai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2001, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n kinh ph\u00ed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 60 d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch li\u00ean bang, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00f4i thai d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch li\u00ean bang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00f4i thai m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f4i thai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ph\u00f4i thai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eafp nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch li\u00ean bang ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mau-cuong-ron\">M\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e1u nhau thai\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u00e1u c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nhau thai sau khi sinh v\u00e0 c\u1eaft d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau thai v\u00e0 d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Kho\u1ea3ng 100ml m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhau thai c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 ngay sau khi sinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 463px;height: 368px\" src=\"\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/Documents\/1082_te-bao-goc-tu-mau-cuong-ron-tre-em.jpg\" alt=\"te bao goc doi dao tu mau cuong ron tre\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2: T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u00e0u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/tru-mau-cuong-ron-cua-tre-so-sinh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb sinh ra b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u li\u1ec1m (sickle cell anaemia). Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 thai \u0111\u1ee9a th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec sau khi sinh, m\u00e1u d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00e1u h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft c\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia tin r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ri\u00eang so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft c\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp m\u00e1u d\u00e2y r\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y m\u00ea to\u00e0n th\u00e2n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro, b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"te-bao-goc-truong-thanh\">T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p>Tuy t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00f4i thai. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111a n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e1u cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n v\u00e0 trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o h\u1ea3i m\u00e3. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng (hematopoietic stem cells- HSCs) hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. HSCs \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ca c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m nay. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp HSCs hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u (leukemia), ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft (lymphoma) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh\u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cac-te-bao-tien-than\">C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n (precursor cell), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 b\u00e0o thai, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t khi ph\u00e2n chia. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n chia, m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh (t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n th\u1ea7n kinh) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 (trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u1ea1nh n\u00e3o th\u1ea5t b\u00ean- subventricular), nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y ch\u00fang trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00f4i thai. C\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a trong n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh sau khi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea7n kinh. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 nh\u1eb9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn li\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ung-dung-cua-te-bao-goc-trong-giai-phau-than-kinh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ea7n kinh<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb ti\u00eau bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Parkinson, Huntington. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o &#8211; m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong n\u00e3o thay v\u00ec t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong \u201cthay th\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1i sinh\u201d. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 gh\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 b\u00e0o thai, d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Parkinson, b\u1ec7nh Huntington, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111a x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng (multiple sclerosis), ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd n\u00e3o, b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o, x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ed9t b\u00ean teo c\u01a1 (ALS), Alzheimer, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aans.org\/en\/Patients\/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments\/Stem-Cell-Research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.aans.org\/en\/Patients\/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments\/Stem-Cell-Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/stemcells.nih.gov\/info\/basics\/pages\/basics1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/stemcells.nih.gov\/info\/basics\/pages\/basics1.aspx <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/Stem-Cell-Types-(French).aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/Stem-Cell-Types-(French).aspx <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c&#8230; Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111em l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":240,"featured_media":4827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5146,5190],"tags":[3957,3959,3960,3961,3958],"series":[1498],"coauthors":[2295],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-03T10:58:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-16T20:36:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2014\/03\/9-dieu-nen-biet-ve-te-bao-goc.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"TS. 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