{"id":5530,"date":"2018-10-26T02:03:50","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T19:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2018\/10\/26\/lay-nhiem-lao-tai-noi-lam-viec\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:07:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:07:52","slug":"lay-nhiem-lao-tai-noi-lam-viec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/lay-nhiem-lao-tai-noi-lam-viec\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m lao t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng lao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao. Khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n lao v\u0103ng ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh n\u1ebfu h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ho m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh (k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n, ho ra \u0111\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1u), gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, s\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n lao, h\u00e3y \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, di d\u1eddi h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng ch\u1edd chung, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o khu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea5c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (t\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng) kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\"l\u00e2y <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng lao?<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (Tuberculosis Skin Test) m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh lao hay ch\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n (latent) hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (active). N\u1ebfu \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u00eam x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean da \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i\u00a0B\u1ec7nh Lao<\/a>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0TS.BS Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ee9c<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/pre>\n
Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
  K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (tuberculin skin test, TST) n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 trong 90% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n lao \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
  \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m TST cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5p phim X-quang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 TST l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong khi phim X-quang l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u00ednh (t\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng lao t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 th\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
  K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh trong trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (TST) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao (tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nhi\u1ec5m HIV-AIDS ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c\u201d ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (tuberculin) \u0111\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh) <\/span> <\/span> .<\/p>\n
M\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
  N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u1edf trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (TST) k\u00e8m theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh X-quang ng\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh lao, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
  B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c trong 9 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 th\u00e1ng<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n hay ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. B\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng lao (d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n) v\u00ec h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi khu\u1ea9n. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam vaccine bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng lao, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m TST?<\/h2>\n
  C\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>. Vaccine BCG kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh lao. Vaccine n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf. Vaccine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m TST. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng lao v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
N\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h2>\n
  N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m TST cho b\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong> (tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i trong 3 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 TST l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m?<\/h2>\n
  N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh lao (TST), b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem b\u1ea1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u1ee5p X-quang ng\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu ho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tu\u1ea7n, n\u1ebfu ho ra \u0111\u1eddm c\u00f3 m\u00e1u, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p X-quang th\u01b0\u1eddng quy h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 TST l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba?<\/h2>\n
  M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n lao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n lao m\u1edbi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n
    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. http:\/\/familydoctor.org\/familydoctor\/en\/prevention-wellness\/staying-healthy\/occupational-health\/health-care-workers-and-tuberculosis.html <\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuberculosis <\/a> <\/span> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Lao l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n lao, h\u00e3y \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. 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