{"id":5660,"date":"2016-01-25T19:39:36","date_gmt":"2016-01-25T12:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2016\/01\/25\/quyen-2-hop-phan-y-te-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:10:58","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:10:58","slug":"quyen-2-hop-phan-y-te-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-2-hop-phan-y-te-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec3n 2: H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf &#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"border: 1px solid #CCC; border-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/key\/hlxEzNsl07wE0n\" width=\"668\" height=\"880\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"> <\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h2>\n<h2>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/h2>\n<h2>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<h2>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<h2>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>Download t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-2-hop-phan-y-te-50177003%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-2-hop-phan-y-te-50177003%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe<br \/>\n2. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WHO Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: C\u1ea9m nang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng 1. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. 2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. 3. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 4. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch y t\u1ebf. 5. Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 6. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 7. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. 8. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. I. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. II. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c. III. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. IV. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. ISBN 978 92 4 354805 0 (TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N Y KHOA QU\u1ed0C GIA HOA K\u1ef2 \/ M\u00c3 TRA C\u1ee8U:WB 320) Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cCommunity-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines\u201d B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u00a9 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2010 WHO b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 20 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Appia, 1211 Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 27, Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xin ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a WHO \u2013 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh hay ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u2013 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO , t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau tr\u00ean (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, hay li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi hay bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hay khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1edfiT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9cY t\u1ebfTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb do sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft hoa. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 hay ng\u1ee5 \u00fd. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7aT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trao quy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi In\u00eds Communication \u2013 www.iniscommunication.com In t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<br \/>\n3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br \/>\n4. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 1 L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5\u201c S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201c (1). C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (CRPD) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a NKT. \u0110i\u1ec1u 25 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia \u201cnh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng NKT c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt\u201c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u 20 (v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 26 (ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o NKT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y t\u1ebf. (2). Song, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y NKT th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 (3) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (4). Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf. Quy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (4). Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (PHCNDVC\u0110) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NKT \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap g\u1ed3m: n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. PHCNDVC\u0110 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn y t\u1ebf cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho NKT (5) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (6). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh y t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho n\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n5. 2 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe H\u1ed8P 1 Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sang ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m. N\u0103m 2006, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Sichon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u1ea1m Tha-Hin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u1ea1m n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, xa c\u00e1ch Bv Sichon kho\u1ea3ng 200 Km v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129, m\u1ed9t y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 PHCNDVC\u0110, nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m th\u00eam trach nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf cho NKT t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u0129nh), v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Bv Sichon. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef9 t\u1eeb Bv Sichon th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh NKT, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn Bv. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a NKT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp PHCN c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t hang ng\u00e0y) cho NKT c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ebb \u0111i h\u1ecdc h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 NKT \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Bv Sichon th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u1edf Sichon \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm NKT, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, cung c\u1ea5p duchj c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a NKT \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a TKT c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u1eed tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (Bv Sichon, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 trao quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u01b0a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1i Lan<br \/>\n6. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 3 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau NKT \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NKT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p trong n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c dich v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u2022 C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng NKT ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi. \u2022 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1edf ngay t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2022 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p PHCN gi\u00fap cho NKT tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022 C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ban ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u2013 sinh k\u1ebf, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap NKT \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111au y\u1ebfu.Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c YTTG, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh hay t\u1eadt\u201d (1). S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u00e2p v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n7. 4 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe H\u1ed8P 2 Khurshida b\u1ecb m\u00f9 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf qu\u1eadn Barabank, t\u1ec9nh Uttar Pradesh, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Khi g\u1eb7p Satyabhama, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sense International India t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Khurshida \u0111\u00e3 10 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c t\u1ed1i t\u0103m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Satyabhama \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Khurshida \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho c\u00f4 b\u00e9. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 Khurshida \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady, \u0103n c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng qua c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n m\u1eb9 ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 b\u00e9 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, Satyabhama \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay Khurshida v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 b\u00e9 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh Khurshida c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cho c\u00f4 b\u00e9, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1c. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Khurshida \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao. Satyabhama sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Khurshida v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00f4 b\u00e9. V\u1edbi Khurshida v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Khurshida v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Khurshida \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau (8). \u2022 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n: \u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u2022 Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ki\u00eang, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u2022 Thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u2022 Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u2022 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9m t\u1ef1 tin. \u2022 H\u00ea th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 Khi c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u2022 V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2022 Gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u2022 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n, nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v.v.v. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<br \/>\n8. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 5 \u2022 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf: vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c dich v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,. Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9cYTTG \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Alma-Ata. Sau 30 n\u0103m, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 NKT v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t: \u2022 NKT c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. \u2022 Trong khi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 NKT \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 hay th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hay l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CSSK Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Trong khi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng, t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c(9). B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9cYTTG n\u0103m 2008 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (10). Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe qu\u1ed1c gia cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111em d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf ngay t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (11). R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a NKT kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a NKT trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh y t\u1ebf. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf NKT \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. (5). C\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u00e0 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<br \/>\n9. 6 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe \u2022 R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi NKT trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf; \u2022 R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kinh t\u1ebf: C\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi NKT ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (Xem th\u00eam ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt); \u2022 R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd: thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho NKT l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111a s\u1ed1 NKT s\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 xa t\u1eeb khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng; \u2022 R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng: vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean h\u00ea v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa NKT v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ra d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hay vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf; \u2022 Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 NKT: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh NKT c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u NKT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadt m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i, tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1edbi hay c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (11) v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m sau: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eeba b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, phong hay b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng (xem th\u00eam ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn). S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp\u201d\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 NKT v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9ckh\u1ecfeh\u00f2anh\u1eadpc\u0169ng\u0111\u00e3\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cth\u00fac\u0111\u1ea9yt\u1eebch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110nh\u1eb1ml\u00e0mchoh\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NKT trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00ean \u201cc\u00f3kh\u1ea3n\u0103ngti\u1ebfpc\u1eadnv\u1edbim\u1ecdic\u00e1nh\u00e2nv\u00e0gia\u0111\u00ecnhtrongc\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ngth\u00f4ng quavi\u1ec7cthamgia\u0111\u1ea7y\u0111\u1ee7v\u00e0v\u1edbim\u1ee9cchiph\u00edm\u00e0c\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ngv\u00e0qu\u1ed1cgiac\u00f3th\u1ec3chitr\u1ea3.\u2026\u201d(11).<br \/>\n10. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 7 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, gi\u1edbi, tu\u1ed5i, m\u00e0u da,ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NKT v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u1ed8P 3 Muhammad Akram s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh Sindh, n\u01b0\u1edbc Pakistan. Anh b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1edf tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, sau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u1ed1m. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh trong l\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Bv \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh. \u201c V\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc n\u00ean t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00f4i th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u1eebng lo, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con sau\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian hay thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch dung b\u00fat hay t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. L\u00e2u d\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Sau khi tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 t\u00f4i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea5y, b\u00fat vi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1ee7 theo ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m sau nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u th\u00ea v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt . Pakistan Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i NKT v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0 Indonesia hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ac-hen-ti-na v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<br \/>\n11. 8 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 PHCN ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 nh\u1eadn ra, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT. Nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng) s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1 (tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb), c\u1ea5p 2 (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm) v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 3 (ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng).Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm, l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ea5p 2 hay c\u1ea5p 3. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ea9m sinh. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 PHCN bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Nhi\u1ec1u NKT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap th\u01b0\u1eddng<br \/>\n12. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 9 g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0: tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap di chuy\u1ec3n (n\u1ea1ng, xe l\u0103n), ch\u00e2n tay thay th\u1ebf (ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o), ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh (n\u1eb9p b\u00e0n tay), tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c (k\u00ednh), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghe (m\u00e1y tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh). \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, thay th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n13. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe 11 N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ottawa v\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (1986) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 m\u00f4t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (12). N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (xem ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung \u1edf tr\u00ean) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (13). N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thu\u1ed1c men \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n hay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (14), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ban ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang g\u00ec y t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n14. 12 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe H\u1ed8P 4 \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 \u201cquan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c\u201d v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef trong l\u00fac mang thai. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1ecb b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5u \u0111i, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Trung t\u00e2m m\u1eaft qu\u1eadn Kwale (KDEC) \u1edf K\u00ea-ni-a tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o x\u00f3a b\u1ecf k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0, \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m: \u2022 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u00e0ng. \u2022 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con em m\u00ecnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng da do \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, KDEC \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh r\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u00e0i tay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 da; \u2022 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch quy\u00ean g\u00f3p, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng; \u2022 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, cung c\u1ea5p k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p khi c\u1ea7n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd m\u00e0 KDEC \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn K\u00ea-ni-a<br \/>\n15. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe 13 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c hay c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan (nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2022 C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u2022 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u2022 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a NKT v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u2022 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho NKT tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe . \u2022 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<br \/>\n16. 14 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi NKT v\u00ec khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (15). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n anh ta\/c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (3). NKT ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n do nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng lien quan v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt) (16). Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe k\u00e9m h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (xem th\u00eam \u1edf tr\u00ean: r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m socs s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT). Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap NKT tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c NKT nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho tr\u1ebb, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (17). Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh NKT c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng (xem th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1edf h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n). H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ottawa v\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (16). 1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n. 2. T\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu.<br \/>\n17. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe 15 3. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 4. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. 5. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau: \u2022 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb em, th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u2022 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, \u00edt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0103n ki\u00eang \u00edt, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n \u2022 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hay c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, HIV\/AIDS, b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng \u2022 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i \u00fd chung. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe NKT b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong v\u00f9ng hay c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 NKT c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y; \u2022 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt;<br \/>\n18. 16 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a NKT, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd NKT l\u00ean poster v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang; \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi NKT v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ebfc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u; \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u0111\u00e0i, tivi) v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m vi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3och\u1eafcch\u1eafnl\u00e0t\u1ea5tc\u1ea3c\u00e1cth\u00f4ng\u0111i\u1ec7pc\u1ea7n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3ct\u00f4ntr\u1ecdngquy\u1ec1nv\u00e0ph\u1ea9mgi\u00e1c\u1ee7aNKT.; \u2022 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed1t, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay cho nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf). Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022 T\u1edbi th\u0103m NKT c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; \u2022 Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (s\u00e1ch, t\u1edd r\u01a1i), ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; \u2022 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u1edbi m\u00e0 NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; \u2022 Th\u00f4ng tin cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; \u2022 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, cho NKT m\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng; \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; \u2022 Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; \u2022 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c Nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hay c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 trao quy\u1ec1n: nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c). V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u khi h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf (18). C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n19. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe 17 \u2022 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u chung nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng hay b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi phong, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 HIV\/AIDS, ho\u1eb7c cha m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o; \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u1edf n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m, khi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 1:1 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n; \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0y s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v.v.v. H\u1ed8P 5 V\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u1edf Piedecuesta, Colombia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0ng quang v.v.v. trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch xoay x\u1edf, ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c Colombia Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a NKT v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c sau: \u2022 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf (nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t; \u2022 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi NKT, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khi h\u1ecd t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n20. 18 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe \u2022 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT. H\u1ed8P 6 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a NKT \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 HIV\/AIDS v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhu c\u00e0u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 HIV\/AIDS \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00f4t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1c m\u00f9 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 HIV\/AIDS. T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n vi\u00ean Ch\u00e2uPhi X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho NKT, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho NKT; \u2022 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp quy ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi NKT nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng; \u2022 T\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho NKT tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe l\u0103n xem b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (xem th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i); \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e1ch ly NKT ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u2022 Th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd; \u2022 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u00faa, khi\u00eau v\u0169, di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch, chi\u1ebfu phim, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n m\u00faa r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<br \/>\n21. N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe 19 H\u1ed8P 7 M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 t\u1ea1o Alexandria (Ai C\u1eadp) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i h\u00e8 cho tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng \u0111i ngh\u1ec9. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u01a1i, vui nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee7y ban Paralympics, h\u1ed9i cha m\u1eb9 TKT v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a NKT \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 thao hang n\u0103m t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh Ai C\u1eadp Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe N\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022 T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; \u2022 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, b\u1eefa \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tham gia giao th\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n; \u2022 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ma t\u00fay; \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen s\u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n22. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 21 D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra (d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt (d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 2) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 (d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 3). N\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1 bao g\u1ed3m: ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u; ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau sinh; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch; c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n; ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau; ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. (19). Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u1ea5p 1, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 70% (10). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe) m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a NKT. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, NKT c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfa v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (20). C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT.<br \/>\n23. 22 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe H\u1ed8P 8 \u1ede Chamarajnagar, m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Karnataka, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 NKT. Khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Mobility India (MI), m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Anh &#8211; UK, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t xa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c sau c\u00e1c l\u00f9m c\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho NKT, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng LHQ \u0111\u00e3 ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2008, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hang t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 sinh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a MI tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00fap NKT, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y h\u1ed1 x\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, v\u1edbi NKT th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 x\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, MI \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 sinh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1n, MI \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 US$1500. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng 1\/3 cho m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh NKT. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb MIBLOU, Th\u1ee5y s\u0129 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng MI c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t d\u01b0 \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 50 nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 50 h\u1ed1 x\u00ed ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong v\u00f2ng 1 n\u0103m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh n\u1eefa. Gi\u1edd h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MI, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edf r\u00f4ng ra c\u1ea3 qu\u1eadn. Chamarajnagar nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u1edf ngay trong nh\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. S\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<br \/>\n24. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 23 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edt nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; gia \u0111\u00ecnh NKT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00edt c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 PHCNDVC\u0110c\u00f3vaitr\u00f2\u0111\u1ea3mb\u1ea3oc\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ngv\u00e0c\u00e1cl\u0129nhv\u1ef1cph\u00e1ttri\u1ec3nc\u00f3li\u00eanquant\u1eadptrung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho NKT v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u2022 NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen, phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. \u2022 NKT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. \u2022 M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u2022 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh Nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe L\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111au y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 g\u1ed3m: g\u00e0y, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p cao, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, thi\u1ebfu s\u1eaft, b\u1ee5i kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (25). C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 m\u00f4t s\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y. Ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 sau.<br \/>\n25. 24 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe 1. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1 \u2013 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00f2ng h\u01a1n ch\u1eefa\u201d\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quen d\u00f9ng khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u1ea5p 1. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra (17). Nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quan, h\u00e0nh vi, ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng (n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, v\u1ec7 sinh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c). D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 NKT v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. 2. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 2 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00e1m XQ ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, kh\u00e1m m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3; c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111au m\u1eaft h\u1ed9t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u00f9 l\u00f2a, \u0111a h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n phong \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng chi. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u1ea5p 2 cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. 3. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 3 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103ng ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. B\u1ea3ng 1: Ba c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng C\u1ea5p 3 C\u1ea5p 2 C\u1ea5p 1<br \/>\n26. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 25 H\u1ed8P 9 Anita l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef 50 tu\u1ed5i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf l\u00e0ng Khandale village, \u1edf khu \u0111\u1ed3i cao qu\u1eadn Raigad, Maharashtra, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, Anita b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Anita b\u1ecb \u0111au \u1edf ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c con trai \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Bv Alibaug Hospital, c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 15 km, b\u00e1c s\u0129 khuy\u00ean Anita \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean khoa \u1edf Mumbai, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 100 km. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf \u1edf Mumbai ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n Anita b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2m gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i cho Anita v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed. Ngay sauu khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Anita v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 Anita t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Anita kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd con trai d\u00ecu. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho Anita v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t chi. Anita \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf t\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. V\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a Anita \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o li\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, ch\u00e2n b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. Anita c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng hang ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0103n ki\u00eang. Anita c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u1ee5t. Anita \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p n\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 cho Anita c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 Anita c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. Anita sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia bu\u1ed5i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Anita c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m thanh song song t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Anita c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp \u0111i \u1edf nh\u00e0. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n Anita t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e0, quanh l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Anita v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Anita n\u00f3i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Anita \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (NKT)? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, NKT h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng.Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, NKT c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh sinh ho\u1ea1t. \u00cdt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho NKT c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ed1i h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. (22).Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho NKT. NKT c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ch\u00ednh). C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0: lo\u00e9t do \u0111\u00e8 \u00e9p, nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u, co r\u00fat c\u01a1, \u0111au, vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v.v.v. c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh<br \/>\n27. 26 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t n\u1ebfu \u0111uwocj ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bang quan t\u1ed1t. H\u1ed8P 10 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0n t\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Bv PHCN Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong khoa c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho xe l\u0103n. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00eacn PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng do ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch xa nhau n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 25% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t h\u00ea th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi qua \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n\u2013 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00edt nguy c\u01a1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT? D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 80% t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f9 l\u00f2a \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda m\u00f9 l\u00f2a \u1edf tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u1eadt khi sinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u00eam m\u1ed1ng m\u1eaft, t\u0103ng nh\u00e3n \u00e1p (27). Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 58 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (WHA58.23) (28) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t sang ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng NKT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111e d\u1ecda, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng NKT. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho NKT (29). G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng V\u00ec d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong c\u1ea3 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<br \/>\n28. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 27 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghien c\u1ee9u. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p 1; b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS. T\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a NKT c\u00f9ng tham gia nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o NKT v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NKT; \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ed1ng; \u2022 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec NKT d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 NKT d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2022 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u1ed8P 11 M\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Korogocho c\u1ee7a Nairobi, K\u00ea-ni-a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho xe l\u0103n v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eadc thang. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra, theo \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc xin \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xe l\u0103n K\u00ea-ni-a Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, u\u1ed1ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed3n, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n29. 28 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng Trong m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eafc xin b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u, u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1edfi cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai . Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng; \u2022 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3mb\u1ea3or\u1eb1ngnh\u1eefngng\u01b0\u1eddi\u0111angnh\u1eadns\u1ef1h\u1ed7tr\u1ee3v\u00e0tr\u1ee3gi\u00fapt\u1eebch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang mang thai tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; \u2022 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ed8P 12 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Malaysia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u, bao g\u1ed3m ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng rubella cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cho tr\u1ebb em. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho tr\u1ebb em Malaysia \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd Thi\u1ebfu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 bao g\u1ed3m: \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi (khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft v\u00e0 vitamin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 rau mu\u1ed1ng, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1t, qu\u1ea3 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng;<br \/>\n30. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 29 \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2013 tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a; \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nhai v\u00e0 nu\u1ed1t, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean gia tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3; \u2022 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0103n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0103n d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n; \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c vi ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung; \u2022 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nu\u00f4i con b\u1eb1ng s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thai s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung s\u1eaft v\u00e0 axit folic (xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y). H\u1ed8P 13 Qu\u0129 Sanjivini \u1edf Bangalore, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u0129 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Cho r\u1eb1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 sang th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 sang th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, qu\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng &#8211; b\u1ed9t gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 protein &#8211; cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t cho tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eefa \u0103n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 rau c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sanjivini c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c em th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Tr\u1ebb em v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng em c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 . Afreen 9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o. C\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 2 ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i \u1edf khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t Illyasnagas, Bangalore. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 b\u00e9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 Rs70 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 b\u00e9 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Bangalore khi Afreen m\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng trong khi sinh, Afreen b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i n\u00e3o. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0103n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m li\u1ec7t gi\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 co gi\u1eadt. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho Afreen b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, v\u00ec v\u1eady em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t n\u0103m Afreen d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Afreen \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Afreen c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c cho c\u00f4 b\u00e9. C\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1edd dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<br \/>\n31. 30 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khi sinh v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c sau sinh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguyc\u01a1c\u00f3th\u1ec3d\u1eabn\u0111\u1ebfnkhuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtc\u1ee7ac\u00e1cb\u00e0m\u1eb9v\u00e0tr\u1ebbs\u01a1sinh.Ch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau: \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c khi mang thai; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; \u2022 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gen khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c mang thai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u con ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt mang thai, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n\/ ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 sinh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn; \u2022 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed cho tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay sau khi sinh H\u1ed8P 14 Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb tr\u1ec7ch kh\u1edbp h\u00e1ng. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y mang thai, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u00e2n t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o h\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u \u0111i. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa mang thai v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a thai k\u00ec. Gi\u1ea3m stress \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<br \/>\n32. D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 31 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 xa, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u1ebfng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; \u2022 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 tay v\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh x\u1ed5m; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi \u0111i l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 do tai n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ecfng, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i, tai n\u1ea1n giao thong) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m nguy c\u01a1 cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ebb em); \u2022 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (xem T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe); \u2022 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb em khi ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc hay l\u1eeda, gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 xa t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, gi\u1eef cho tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n ban c\u00f4ng, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thang, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho tr\u1ebb ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn; \u2022 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u1edf c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (gi\u00e0y, m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, g\u0103ng tai, n\u00fat b\u1ecbt tai); \u2022 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1ch sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n, mang d\u00e2y b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111i \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c xe m\u00e1y. Gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eadt th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00ean: \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng hay t\u1eadt n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng (v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh) n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u; \u2022 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0<br \/>\n33. 32 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c; \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 v\u1eeba kh\u00edt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e9t do \u0111\u00e8 \u00e9p.<br \/>\n34. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf 33 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c suy y\u1ebfu. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh phong ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n suy gi\u1ea3m th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u00f9 l\u00f2a. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng(30), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Trong L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0110i\u1ec1u 25, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m: cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t (2) C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u00f3a C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (23) c\u0169ng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy chu\u1ea9n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<br \/>\n35. 34 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN PHCNDVC\u0110 &gt; 2: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N Y T\u1ebe H\u1ed8P 15 Irene v\u00e0 Mohammed s\u1ed1ng \u1edf C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Tanzania. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi Adnan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i 6 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 mong ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u1ee9 hai. Khi Adnan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u0111i. Irene v\u00e0 Mohammed \u0111\u01b0a Adnan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p X-quang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Irene vad Mohammed r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ed5n. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t Irene v\u00e0 Mohammed n\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Khi Adnan l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay nghe theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb co gi\u1eadt. Irene gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTh\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m thanh v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. \u201c Adnan ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i khi \u0111\u00e3 4 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 khi c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111ang ch\u01a1i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn ra c\u1eadu b\u00e9 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Irene v\u00e0 Mohammed v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf Tanzania (CPHCNDVC\u0110T). B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Adnan li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi CPHCNDVC\u0110T \u0111\u1ec3 xin tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean. Mama Kitenge, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u1ee9ng co gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Adnan. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Adnan d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Irene n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, Adnan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0103n, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o hay r\u1eeda tay. Th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00f3\u2026 Kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Adnan th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed1c, gi\u1edd th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. Th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean c\u01a1n co gi\u1eadt n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00ec di\u1ec7u\u201d S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Adnan Tanzania<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":5661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4413,5287,5282,5281],"tags":[],"series":[2184],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quy\u1ec3n 2: H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - 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