{"id":5666,"date":"2016-01-25T19:39:51","date_gmt":"2016-01-25T12:39:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2016\/01\/25\/quyen-5-hop-phan-xa-hoi-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:10:58","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:10:58","slug":"quyen-5-hop-phan-xa-hoi-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-5-hop-phan-xa-hoi-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec3n 5: H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i &#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"border: 1px solid #CCC; border-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/key\/BvQIXaoKotbRsI\" width=\"668\" height=\"880\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"> <\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<h2>V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<h2>Vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao<\/h2>\n<h2>T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>Download t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-5-hop-phan-xa-hoi%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-5-hop-phan-xa-hoi%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. PHCNDVC\u0110 GUIDELINES > 3: EDUCATION COMPONENT H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<br \/>\n2. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WHO Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: C\u1ea9m nang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng 1. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. 2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. 3. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 4. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch y t\u1ebf. 5. Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 6. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 7. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. 8. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. I. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. II. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c. III. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. IV. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. ISBN 978 92 4 354805 0 (TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N Y KHOA QU\u1ed0C GIA HOA K\u1ef2 \/ M\u00c3 TRA C\u1ee8U:WB 320) Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cCommunity-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines\u201d B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u00a9 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2010 WHO b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 20 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Appia, 1211 Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 27, Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xin ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a WHO \u2013 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh hay ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u2013 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO , t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau tr\u00ean (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, hay li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi hay bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hay khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1edfiT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9cY t\u1ebfTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb do sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft hoa. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 hay ng\u1ee5 \u00fd. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7aT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trao quy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi In\u00eds Communication \u2013 www.iniscommunication.com In t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<br \/>\n3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I N\u1ed9i dung L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh . . . . . . . . . 17 V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br \/>\n4. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 1 L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (PHCNDVC\u0110) ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m hay qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ec3 thao, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nhnhuc\u1ea7u\u0111\u1ed1iv\u1edbic\u00e1cch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110\u0111\u1ec3gi\u1ea3iquy\u1ebftnh\u1eefngv\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1n\u00eautr\u00ean. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd tham gia c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u2022C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n5. 2 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 1 Pi\u00f1a Palmera ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i PHCNDVC\u0110. Pi\u00f1a Palmera cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Pi\u00f1a Palmera khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao. H\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 thao \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tham gia \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 xe l\u0103n qu\u1ed1c gia. Pi\u00f1a Palmera t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, Pi\u00f1a Staples c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng M\u00ea-hi-c\u00f4<br \/>\n6. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 3 C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3, cha, m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb em, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8), c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n), c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u \u0103n), gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao (nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u00e0i), v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng). C\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i sao vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u1eafm gi\u1eef trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng \/ v\u1ee3, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i . Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch (tham kh\u1ea3o H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Trao quy\u1ec1n). R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u2022ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ty v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n; \u2022gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hay cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y; \u2022c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m phi l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u00f4 u\u1ebf th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00e1c qu\u1ef7;<br \/>\n7. 4 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u2022Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim. \u2018 H\u1ed8P 2 \u201c\u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim trong r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho xe l\u0103n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf gh\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1eafng nghe ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3 \u201c(1). R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong khi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt M\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn th\u00edch, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnhv\u00e0c\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ng.\u1edec\u00e1cn\u01b0\u1edbcc\u00f3thunh\u1eadpth\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c duy nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Trong khi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<br \/>\n8. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia. Vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (2). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n9. 6 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<br \/>\n10. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 7 Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), v\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u1ee7 khi anh\/ c\u00f4 ta mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0103n g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hay c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong khi kinh ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nam Phi, Bra-xin, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 B\u0103ng-la-\u0111\u00e9t. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng B\u0103ng-la-\u0111\u00e9t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (xem th\u00eam H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Sinh k\u1ebf: An sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i). H\u1ed8P 3 C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: a)Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; b)Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, t\u1ea1i khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch li v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; c)C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0110i\u1ec1u 19: S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (2)<br \/>\n11. 8 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 4 Jae-Hwan Kim l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 13 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Seoul, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0, em g\u00e1i v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd. C\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh teo c\u01a1 khi l\u00ean 4 tu\u1ed5i. Khi l\u00ean 9 tu\u1ed5i, c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Jae-Hwan Kim khi c\u1eadu 13 tu\u1ed5i. C\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng y t\u1ebf. C\u1eadu c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe l\u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (ATRAC). Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1eadu mu\u1ed1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Jae-Hwan Kim v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1eadu ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. C\u1eadu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u1eadu h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1eadu v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho xe l\u0103n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Jae-Hwan Kim trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 lau ch\u00f9i qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn. Jae-Hwan Kim c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c do Qu\u1ef9 b\u1ec7nh teo c\u01a1 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KMDF) \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Jae-Hwan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110, B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c gia, KMDF, ATRAC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1eadu b\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<br \/>\n12. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 9 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u2022Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u2022 C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0o ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m. \u2022C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m\u201dsang\u201cs\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d. S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n13. 10 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n H\u1ed8P 5 Phong tr\u00e0o S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (ILM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cao do cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ctr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi ILM d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3, v\u00e0 cho ai, v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 thi n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh) nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 (h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i), \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i du l\u1ecbch, mua s\u1eafm, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u \/ ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Hi\u1ec3u \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d trong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n T\u1eeb\u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201dtrong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cho t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<br \/>\n14. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 11 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (xem ph\u1ea7n 5). C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (3). C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p (3). Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Khi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, kinh ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u01b0u tr\u00ed khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p. Khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0: \u2022nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; \u2022thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; \u2022kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u01b0u tr\u00ed (ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p); \u2022c\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n15. 12 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 \u00edt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n.V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (3). T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (3). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi k\u1ebb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (xem th\u00eam C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh). C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; \u2022\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3; \u2022t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n16. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 13 H\u1ed8P 6 \u1ede Serbia, sau khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i ba l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ed9i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng chi nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Serbia Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap; \u2022xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t; \u2022trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; \u2022k\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng hay t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean; \u2022Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n17. 14 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 7 T\u1ea1i Phi-l\u00edp-pin, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 huynh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111a ng\u00e0nh. Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 13 000 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ee5 huynh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Phi-l\u00edp-pin \u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n (xem H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng: V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng); \u2022ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; \u2022 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; \u2022h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n18. Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n 15 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd: \u2022hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3; \u2022 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; \u2022qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110,c\u00e1ct\u1ed5ch\u1ee9cng\u01b0\u1eddikhuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtv\u00e0c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m h\u1ecd ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian cho nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf khi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p; \u2022 li\u00eank\u1ebfth\u1ecdv\u1edbic\u00e1cgia\u0111\u00ecnhkh\u00e1c c\u00f3ho\u00e0nc\u1ea3nht\u01b0\u01a1ngt\u1ef1,v\u00edd\u1ee5nh\u01b0th\u00f4ngquac\u00e1cnh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 huynh ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh; \u2022l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3; \u2022\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. S\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0:<br \/>\n19. 16 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u2022C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110. \u2022C\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng?T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u2022C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa t\u1ea1m an to\u00e0n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u2022C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? \u2022C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng? \u2022C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hay kh\u00f4ng? \u2022C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1ee7i ro c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c xoa d\u1ecbu cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cao s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m.Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: \u2022Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c; \u2022Trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng; \u2022Nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; \u2022N\u01a1i \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022N\u01a1i \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n20. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 17 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 an sinh quan tr\u1ecdng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn con nu\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u 23, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng\u201cC\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201c(2). Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha m\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n.Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n21. 18 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 8 \u201cN\u0103m nay t\u00f4i h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap t\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ng\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u1edf trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh. V\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai mang cho t\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ai chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp! \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 25 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 thai. Tin t\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em, c\u00f4 d\u00ec ch\u00fa b\u00e1c t\u00f4i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i &#8230; T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng sinh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8230;. M\u1ed9t tin bu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00ean b\u1ecf c\u00e1i thai b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd d\u1ecda t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh \u0111\u1ebb, em c\u00f3 d\u00e1m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng?\u201d H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nh\u1eafn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1i thai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd giao anh ta cho c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y t\u00f4i l\u00e0m v\u1ee3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5! C\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00ec c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1 thai, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1eef c\u00e1i thai v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u1ef1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 mang thai. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh con th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed5 l\u1ea5y thai. C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u00f4i cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i cho c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi qu\u00fd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 trai. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y. C\u00f4 con g\u00e1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 18 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1eadu con trai \u0111\u00e3 14 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c con t\u00f4i \u0111ang r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 y\u00eau t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho ch\u00fang m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m! T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 con hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn con nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u2014Julian Priscilla Mabangwe, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt Malawi(3). Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 Malawi<br \/>\n22. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 19 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 con. \u2022cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9. \u2022c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u2022ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. \u2022ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea1o l\u1eadp, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201dc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n23. 20 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, trong khi m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, trong khi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, xoay quanh nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh, v\u00f4 sinh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 cao, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u1edbt l\u1edd ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb (xem th\u00eam Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV \/ AIDS). H\u1ed8P 9 M\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf Uganda &#8211; Li\u00ean minh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Uganda (NUDIPU), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf &#8230;. tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u201c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn Uganda H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 Ng\u01b0\u1edditath\u01b0\u1eddngchor\u1eb1ngng\u01b0\u1eddikhuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtnghi\u1ec5mnhi\u00eans\u1ebdsinhranh\u1eefngtr\u1ebbemkhuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3cv\u00e0h\u1ed7tr\u1ee3conc\u00e1ih\u1ecdm\u1ed9tc\u00e1ch\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.Trongm\u1ed9ts\u1ed1tr\u01b0\u1eddngh\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb g\u00e1i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb thi\u1ec3u n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0110i\u1ec1u 23, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tu\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n (2).<br \/>\n24. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 21 H\u1ed8P 10 \u201cT\u00f4i m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con, nh\u01b0ng cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho t\u00f4i b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tan v\u1ee1 trong s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi. \u201c(5). Mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c (6). C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u2022L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n25. 22 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 11 M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 do m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Liberia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng e s\u1ee3 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd b\u00eau x\u1ea5u h\u1ecd. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Li-b\u00ea-ria H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; \u2022v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a cha m\u1eb9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtv\u00e0oc\u00e1cd\u1ecbchv\u1ee5v\u00e0c\u00e1cch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhch\u00ednhth\u1ed1ng; \u2022ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean; \u2022ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi PHCNDVC\u0110. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef h\u1ecd trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m h\u1ecd h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng;<br \/>\n26. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh 23 \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c PHCNDVC\u0110. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u00e0, t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; \u2022N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\/gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c; \u2022Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtb\u00e1oc\u00e1ov\u1ec1c\u00e1ch\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o; \u2022Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o; \u2022\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c; \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u2022\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c PHCNDVC\u0110 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u00e1n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2n c\u01b0, k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m l\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0.Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n27. 24 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u2022K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c; \u2022Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n28. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt 25 V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u T\u1eeb\u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201dmang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 trang ph\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, m\u00faa, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd tham gia l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a anh\/c\u00f4 \u1ea5y t\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (xem b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ed8P 12 1. C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt:a) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; b) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, phim, k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch. 2. C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. 3. C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. 4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0110i\u1ec1u 30: s\u1ef1 tham gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao (2)<br \/>\n29. 26 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 13 FANDIC (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00ec s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em trong C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Bucaramanga, Columbia, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua PHCNDVC\u0110. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khi\u00eau v\u0169 d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \u2022mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2022khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u2022n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb 5-21 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea3y. Anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tham gia \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t v\u0169 c\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c em, v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea3y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em. C\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u00e9o c\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1ebb em lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. FANDIC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng khi\u00eau v\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3: \u2022ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u2022c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u2022t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2022c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u2022ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em Colombia<br \/>\n30. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt 27 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n \u2022S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u2022C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi tham gia trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u2022Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \/ ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn. \u2022c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tham gia C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch, xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim, hay m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tham gia Tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<br \/>\n31. 28 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ed8P 14 M\u1ed9t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng mang t\u00ean Nh\u00ecn trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Dhrupad \u1edf Dhaka, B\u0103ng-la-\u0111\u00e9t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2003. Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c chung gi\u1eefa T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t (SARPV) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Healthlink To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c g\u1ed3m 25 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb v\u00e0 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f9ng tham gia v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Dhaka \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 xe k\u00e9o, v\u01b0\u1eddn, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00e1ch tham quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111i xung quanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m n\u00e0y, du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng graffiti. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m l\u00e0: n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch; h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch tham quan, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a t\u1eeb Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng B\u0103ng-la-\u0111\u00e9t s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1edd ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngu\u1ed3n: (7). Nh\u00ecn trong \u0111\u00eam (7) B\u0103ng-la-\u0111\u00e9t Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1ea1c k\u1ecbch, m\u00faa, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y xe l\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n32. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt 29 C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 Nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp. H\u1ed8P 15 V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 03 Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2009 (Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt), Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 trao danh hi\u1ec7u s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c cho ca s\u1ef9 &#8211; nh\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Stevie Wonder v\u00ec s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i (8). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu phim d\u00e0i t\u1eadp, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim h\u00e0i, phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5; \u2022\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n33. 30 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I H\u1ed8P 16 Amadou v\u00e0 Mariam l\u00e0 hai nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb Mali. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho thanh ni\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Mali H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi, nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 s\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u2022s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m; \u2022t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u2022k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1edf th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u2022x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3; \u2022l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; \u2022h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 im l\u1eb7ng nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; \u2022th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00faa, k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n34. V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt 31 L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p Ch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110c\u00f3vaitr\u00f2quantr\u1ecdngtrongvi\u1ec7cph\u1ed1ih\u1ee3pv\u1edbic\u00e1ct\u1ed5ch\u1ee9cv\u00e0c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0103n ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp; \u2022x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh quy; \u2022khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc m\u1ea7m non \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf; \u2022H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp; \u2022khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. H\u1ed8P 17 M\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u1edf Palestine trong n\u0103m 2000 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i h\u00e8. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i h\u00e8. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 C\u00f4 b\u00e9 L\u1ecd Lem (c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em) do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho thanh ni\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Palestine Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: \u2022t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh;<br \/>\n35. 32 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 > 5: H\u1ee2P PH\u1ea6N X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u2022khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u2022\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\/tinh th\u1ea7n; \u2022cung c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, t\u1ee5ng kinh, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 in v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n in kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i; \u2022ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<br \/>\n36. Vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao 33 Vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1. H\u1ed8P 18 Nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m: a) Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p; b) \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 thao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; c) \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch, th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed; d) \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao, vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao, vui ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; e) \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1ec3 thao, du l\u1ecbch. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0110i\u1ec1u 30, kho\u1ea3n 5: S\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, th\u1ec3 thao (2)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":5667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5287,4413,5282,5281],"tags":[],"series":[2184],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quy\u1ec3n 5: H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - 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