{"id":5670,"date":"2016-01-25T19:40:05","date_gmt":"2016-01-25T12:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2016\/01\/25\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T04:10:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T21:10:59","slug":"quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung &#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe style=\"border: 1px solid #CCC; border-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;\" src=\"\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/key\/pPhuSALo0SbCyT\" width=\"668\" height=\"880\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"> <\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>PHCN v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n<h2>PHCN v\u00e0\u00a0HIV\/AIDS<\/h2>\n<h2>PHCN v\u00e0\u00a0B\u1ec7nh phong<\/h2>\n<h2>PHCN v\u00e0\u00a0Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<p style=\"color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>Download t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/login?from_source=%2Fyhoccongdong%2Fquyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung%3Ffrom_action%3Dsave&amp;from=download&amp;layout=foundation<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #006400;\"><strong>B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG<br \/>\n2. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c WHO Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: C\u1ea9m nang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng 1. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. 2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. 3. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 4. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch y t\u1ebf. 5. Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 6. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 7. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. 8. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. I. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. II. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c. III. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. IV. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. ISBN 978 92 4 354805 0 (TH\u01af VI\u1ec6N Y KHOA QU\u1ed0C GIA HOA K\u1ef2 \/ M\u00c3 TRA C\u1ee8U:WB 320) Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cCommunity-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines\u201d B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u00a9 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2010 WHO b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 20 \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Appia, 1211 Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 27, Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xin ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a WHO \u2013 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh hay ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u2013 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed WHO , t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau tr\u00ean (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, hay li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi hay bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hay khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1edfiT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9cY t\u1ebfTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb do sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft hoa. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 trong \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 hay ng\u1ee5 \u00fd. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7aT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trao quy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi In\u00eds Communication \u2013 www.iniscommunication.com In t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<br \/>\n3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh phong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o . . . . . . . . . 47<br \/>\n4. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u 1 L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (PHCNDVC\u0110) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, HIV\/AIDS, b\u1ec7nh phong, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m\/h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 PHCNDVC\u0110, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1nPHCNDVC\u0110trongv\u00f2ngh\u01a1n30n\u0103mqua. PHCNDVC\u0110l\u00e0m\u1ed9tchi\u1ebfnl\u01b0\u1ee3cph\u00e1ttri\u1ec3nh\u00f2a nh\u1eadp d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (NKT), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NKT, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp cho NKT trong m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e2u nay b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, HIV \/ AIDS, b\u1ec7nh phong, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong khi b\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch (VD: PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n sau n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n5. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 3 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. (1) S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00f3i chung, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (xem th\u00eam h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf). S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (2) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u201csuy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u: (i) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; v\u00e0 (ii) t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tham giac\u1ee7ah\u1ecdtrongc\u00e1cl\u0129nhv\u1ef1cd\u00e2ns\u1ef1,ch\u00ednhtr\u1ecb,kinht\u1ebf,v\u0103nh\u00f3ax\u00e3h\u1ed9iv\u1edbic\u01a1h\u1ed9ib\u00ecnh\u0111\u1eb3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o PHCNDVC\u0110. Tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (3). T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u2013 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn NKT t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean NKT \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam t\u1ea3i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110, b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u00edt ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc: b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n n\u1eb7ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111i\u00ean, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd v.v. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u201dv\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1ecbch; thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m kinh ni\u00ean, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n do l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n6. 4 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG H\u1ed8P 1 N\u0103m 2002, Cocoron, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Fukushima, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1i t\u00ean Cocoron, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Cocoron \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 an ninh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, corocon t\u1eadp trung n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o trong v\u00f2ng 3 n\u0103m. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ban ng\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfp theo Cocoron h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do ngu\u1ed3n thu ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Cocoron quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xoay quanh ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. Cocoron \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 rau c\u1ee7, n\u1ea5m, hoa qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u sa k\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea mang t\u00ean Cocoroya \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Cocoroya nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9n quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. N\u0103m 2004, Cocoron th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Izumizaki \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Cocoron nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Cocoron \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp \u0111a d\u1ea1ng do Corocon l\u1eadp ra \u2013 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Cocoroya v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh doanh kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp sau c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n. Cocoron l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Cocoron Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<br \/>\n7. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 5 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u2022 C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u2022 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2022 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. \u2022 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n8. 6 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG H\u1ed8P 2 T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, Chatterjee v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (3) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch can thi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho NKT. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eafc r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n n\u1eb7ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00fa. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c trao quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng NKT, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ban ng\u00e0nh (ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf) tham gia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00ec nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf qu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ra to\u00e0n qu\u1eadn (4 ). L\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tham gia PHCNDVC\u0110 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung 1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf) \u2013 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd (Vd: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, an ninh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (5). Ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<br \/>\n9. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 7 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp &#8211; m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, gi\u1ea3m suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (5). Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau. PHCNDVC\u0110, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 sau: \u2022 C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, khu v\u1ef1c, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 450 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi (6). \u2022 Nh\u1eefngng\u01b0\u1eddic\u00f3v\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1v\u1ec1s\u1ee9ckh\u1ecfet\u00e2mth\u1ea7n,\u0111\u1eb7cbi\u1ec7tl\u00e0nh\u1eefngng\u01b0\u1eddim\u1eafcc\u00e1cch\u1ee9ngr\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng chung trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hung b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c (6,7). Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch, l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7n kinh (8). Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. \u2022 C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u0129nhvi\u1ec5nkh\u00f4ngc\u00f3kh\u1ea3n\u0103ngph\u1ee5ch\u1ed3i.Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n; ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u2022 C\u00e1cv\u1ea5n\u0111\u1ec1s\u1ee9ckh\u1ecfet\u00e2mth\u1ea7nsinhradot\u00ednhc\u00e1chy\u1ebfu\u0111u\u1ed1i,nhunh\u01b0\u1ee3c.Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. K\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m<br \/>\n10. 8 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed (7). S\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, theo \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd (9); t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, suy gi\u1ea3m l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p (9). Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i qua ho\u1eb7c lo ng\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua \u200b\u200bl\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nhvi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng phi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf (10). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed (7), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (2). Trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf , t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, thu\u1ed1c an th\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3<br \/>\n11. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 9 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c theo nh\u00f3m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ph\u00eda gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m linh ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, trong khi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u0103n ho\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau. H\u1ed8P 3 T\u1ea1i Ghana, h\u01a1n 75% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gia truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y lang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c BasicNeeds Ghana \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gia truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u1edf Ghana thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng cao; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n cho Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i lang y gia truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gia truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ghana Trong khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh (11). D\u00f9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t cao, do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3mvi\u1ec7cng\u01b0\u1eddib\u1ec7nhb\u1ecbnh\u1ed1t,c\u00e1chlyv\u00e0b\u1ecbt\u1eebch\u1ed1i\u0111\u00e1p\u1ee9ngc\u00e1cnhuc\u1ea7uc\u01a1b\u1ea3nv\u00e0s\u1ef1ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (11). Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (12). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n12. 10 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u0103ng l\u00ean so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 chung. H\u1ecd d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (13). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong do b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u200b\u200bm\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m HIV cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c), c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay \u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf (14). S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, thi\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u00f2n k\u00e9m (13). Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (15). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung cho ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf xem \u201cph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i\u201dnh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u201cch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh\u201d, th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c ra r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 \u00edch, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng hay \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ra vi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (7). H\u1ed8P 4 V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (16). M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c<br \/>\n13. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 11 Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u200b\u200btr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (17). S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Tr\u1ea3i qua ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c,b\u1ecbb\u1ecfb\u00eav\u00e0thi\u1ebfus\u1ef1quant\u00e2m\u0111\u1ec1uc\u00f3th\u1ec3l\u00e0nguy\u00eannh\u00e2n\u1ea3nhh\u01b0\u1edfng.C\u00f3b\u1eb1ngch\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con m\u00ecnh (18). Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cha me v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, song c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 tay v\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, trong khi nam gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1ee3u (19) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Trong nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, t\u1ef1 ti v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi, \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00ea ch\u1ec1, x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t do chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (11). Do v\u1eady, nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem<br \/>\n14. 12 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG x\u00e9t. Nh\u00ecn chung, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sang ch\u1ea5n t\u00e2m l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sang ch\u1ea5n t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng (20). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf b\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u1eefng tin trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecf r\u01a1i do g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean (20). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n trong giai kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd &#8211; thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c l\u01a1 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. (Xem th\u00eam PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o.)&#8230; G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ban ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau: \u2022 T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u2022 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch\/ ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm cho tr\u1ebb em. \u2022 Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi. \u2022 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh can thi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. \u2022 L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. (Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe)<br \/>\n15. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 13 H\u1ed8P 5 M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd s\u1edbm cho tr\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean \u1edf Jamaica \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean &#8211; bao g\u1ed3m n\u00e2ng cao l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c Jamaica T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110: \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u2022 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110. \u2022 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u2022 T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 PHCNDVC\u0110. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c. \u2022 T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u2022 Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eddi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110.<br \/>\n16. 14 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG \u2022 Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ra truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o. \u2022 X\u00e1c\u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1cth\u00e0nhvi\u00eanv\u00e0c\u00e1cnh\u00f3mc\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ngc\u00f3nhi\u1ec1ukh\u1ea3n\u0103ngti\u1ebfpx\u00facv\u1edbinh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng an, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. \u2022 S\u1eafpx\u1ebfpc\u00e1cbu\u1ed5it\u1eadphu\u1ea5n,tuy\u00eantruy\u1ec1nn\u00e2ngcaonh\u1eadnth\u1ee9cchoc\u00e1cth\u00e0nhvi\u00eanv\u00e0c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u2022 \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c noi theo. H\u1ed8P 6 G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, ni\u1ec1m tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 \u00fd. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf do ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u (PHC) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00fd t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean khoa v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<br \/>\n17. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 15 \u2022 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u2022 \u0110\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ( trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n), c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn, gi\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u2022 L\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kinh nghi\u1ec7m, chia s\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau. \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ednh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft &#8211; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u2022 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u2022 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u2022 T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c &#8211; c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \/ nhu c\u1ea7u y t\u1ebf, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf. (Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf:. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf) H\u1ed8P 7 T\u1ea1i Belize, c\u00e1c y t\u00e1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c y t\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n . Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Belize<br \/>\n18. 16 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m: \u2022 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n (k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n), c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea5n an, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng . \u2022 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u2022 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. \u2022 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y. \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tham gia n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p . T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau: \u2022 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022 C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi k\u00e8m theo. \u2022 L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con em h\u1ecd (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1ec7 sinh, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u2022 G\u1ee3i \u00fd cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m. \u2022 Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia &#8211; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111i ra c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u2022 Duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng lang thang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00ec th\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n19. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 17 \u2022 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n &#8211; bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u2022 T\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c thang ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh do chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. (Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf Tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra thu nh\u1eadp, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, gia t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m: \u2022 Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra thu nh\u1eadp. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. \u2022 T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u2022 Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c y\u00ean t\u0129nh n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, g\u1ee3i \u00fd khung gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u2022 Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. (Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n Sinh k\u1ebf) H\u1ed8P 8 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Mtwara t\u1ea1i Tanzania \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103m ph\u00f2ng y t\u1ebf huy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, 1.026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf ngay g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 4711. vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n &#8211; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: \u201cKhi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng so v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m.\u201d Gi\u00fap cho nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n Tanzania<br \/>\n20. 18 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edec\u00e1cn\u01b0\u1edbcc\u00f3thunh\u1eadpth\u1ea5p,gia\u0111\u00ecnhth\u01b0\u1eddngl\u00e0ngu\u1ed3nl\u1ef1cquantr\u1ecdngnh\u1ea5t\u0111\u1ec3gi\u1ea3iquy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. L\u01b0u \u00fd xin s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. \u2022 Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00e1nh ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n &#8211; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnhv\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfnkh\u00edchc\u00e1cth\u00e0nhvi\u00eangia\u0111\u00ecnhthamgiac\u00e1cnh\u00f3mt\u1ef1l\u1ef1c\u0111\u1ec3chias\u1ebbkinhnghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ed8P 9 M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u1edf Uganda l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh cho cha m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u1eeba sinh con khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. H\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua, v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u00eam hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Uganda \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Do th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed5ng quan chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong ph\u1ea7n N\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: \u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u2022 Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang, do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u2022 Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. \u2022 Gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. \u2022 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n21. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n 19 \u2022 Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mang t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2022 N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (Xem th\u00eam h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng) Tham kh\u1ea3o 1. Promotingmentalhealth.Concepts,emergingevidence,practice.Summaryreport.Geneva,WorldHealth Organization, 2004 (www.who.int\/mental_health\/evidence\/en\/promoting_mhh.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). 2. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. United Nations, 2006 (www.un.org\/ disabilities\/,accessed 30 March 2010). 3. ChatterjeeSetal.Evaluationofacommunity-basedrehabilitationmodelforchronicschizophreniainrural India. British Journal of Psychiatry, 2003, 182:57\u201362. 4. Patel V et al. Global mental health 3: treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 2007, 370:991\u20131005. 5. mhGAP: Mental health gap action programme: scaling up care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders. Geneva,World Health Organization, 2008 (www.who.int\/mental_health\/mhgap_final_ english.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). 6. World health report 2001 \u2013 mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva, World HealthOrganization, 2001 (www.who.int\/whr\/2001\/en\/, accessed 30 April 2010). 7. Thornicroft G. Shunned: discriminationagainstpeoplewithmentalillness. NewYork, Oxford University Press, 2006. 8. Elbogen EB, Johnson SC. The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2009, 66(2):152\u2013161. 9. Watson AC et al. Self-stigma in people with mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2007 (http:\/\/ schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/sbl076v1, accessed 30 April 2010). 10. Mental health, human rights and legislation: WHO\u2019s framework. Geneva, World Health Organization(undated) (www.who.int\/mental_health\/policy\/fact_sheet_mnh_hr_leg_2105.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). 11. 10 facts on mental health. Geneva, World Health Organization (undated) (www.who.int\/features\/ factfiles\/mental_health\/mental_health_facts\/en\/index.html, accessed 30 April 2010). 12. WHO resource book on mental health: human rights and legislation. Geneva, World Health Organization,2005 (www.who.int\/mental_health\/policy\/resource_book_MHLeg.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). 13. Senior K. Greater needs, limited access. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2009, 87:252\u2013253. 14. Robson D, Gray R.Serious mental illness and physical health problems: a discussion paper. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2007, 44:457\u2013466. 15. Bonney S, StickleyT. Recoveryandmentalhealth:areviewof the British literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 1008, 15:140\u2013153.<br \/>\n22. 20 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG 16. Schiff AC. Recovery and mental illness: analysis and personal reflections. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2004, 27(3):212\u2013218. 17. Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders. Setting WHO directions. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003 (www.who.int\/mental_health\/media\/en\/785.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). 18. PrinceMetal.Globalmentalhealth1:Nohealthwithoutmentalhealth.The Lancet, 2007, 370:859\u2013877. 19. Gender and women\u2019s mental health. Geneva, World Health Organization, (undated) www.who.int\/ mental_health\/prevention\/genderwomen\/en\/, accessed 30 April 2010). 20. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). IASC guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings. Geneva, 2007 (www.who.int\/mental_health\/emergencies\/guidelines_iasc_ mental_health_psychosocial_june_2007.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam BasicNeeds.Mentalhealthanddevelopment.E-journal(www.mentalhealthanddevelopment.org\/,accessed 30 April 2010). Cohen A, Kleinman A, Saraceno B, eds. World mental health casebook. Social and mental health programs in low-income countries. New York, Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers, 2002. Community mental health policy (update of mental health policy from 2001). CBM, 2008 (www.cbm.org\/ en\/general\/downloads\/19914\/CBM_Community_Mental_Health_Policy.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). Fisher D, Chamberlin J. Consumer-directed transformation to a recovery based mental health system, 2004 (www.power2u.org\/downloads\/SAMHSA.pdf, accessed 30 April 2010). Global Forum for Community Mental Health. Mission statement, experiences, contacts, resources, undated (www.gfcmh.com\/, accessed 30 April 2010). Leff J,Warner R. Socialinclusionofpeoplewithmentalillness. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006. Patel V. Where there is no psychiatrist. A mental health care manual. London, Gaskell, 2003. Stastny P, Lehmann P, eds. Alternatives beyond psychiatry. Berlin, Peter Lehmann Publishing, 2007. World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation.WAPR Bulletin (www.wapr.info\/wapr_bulletins.htm, accessed 30 April 2010). World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry. Human rights position paper of WNUSP, 2001 (www. wnusp.net\/wnusp%20evas\/Dokumenter\/Human%20Rights%20Position%20Paper.html,accessed30April 2010).<br \/>\n23. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS 21 PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi HIV \/ AIDS th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n d\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t &#8211; c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c &#8211; \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua (2). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh (3). G\u1ea7n\u0111\u00e2y,b\u1ea3nt\u00f3ml\u01b0\u1ee3cch\u00ednhs\u00e1chchungv\u1ec1HIVv\u00e0ng\u01b0\u1eddikhuy\u1ebftt\u1eadtc\u1ee7aUNAIDS,WHOv\u00e0 OHCHR ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cao (4). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00edt khi xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Trong khi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nguy c\u01a1 cao l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tham gia \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (5). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110.Tuy nhi\u00ean,v\u1edbivaitr\u00f2c\u1ee7am\u1ed9tchi\u1ebfnl\u01b0\u1ee3cph\u00e1ttri\u1ec3nh\u00f2anh\u1eadpd\u1ef1av\u00e0oc\u1ed9ng\u0111\u1ed3ng,PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV\/AIDS c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n24. 22 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG H\u1ed8P 10 Alexia Manombe-Ncube, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Namibia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. B\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e1p ph\u00edch hay qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe . Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra. Hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? B\u00e0 Manombe-Ncube \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Namibia. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HIV \/ AIDS, th\u00ec M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 6: ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb (\uf648) Alexi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Namibia<br \/>\n25. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS 23 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HIV \/ AIDS cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a PHCNDVC\u0110 l\u00e0 (i) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn HIV \/ AIDS trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, (ii) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS v\u00e0 (iii) \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2022 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS . \u2022 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110. \u2022 C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 HIV \/ AIDS. \u2022 T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS. \u2022 C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS. \u2022 \u0110\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS. \u2022 C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 HIV\/ AIDS v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh HIV \/ AIDS HIV (vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi) l\u00e0 vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh AIDS. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong ho\u1eb7c sau khi sinh n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. AIDS (H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i) l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a HIV. AIDS l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. AIDS c\u00f3th\u1ec3d\u1eabn\u0111\u1ebfnnhi\u1ec5mtr\u00f9ngn\u1eb7ng,m\u1ed9ts\u1ed1d\u1ea1ngungth\u01b0,haysuyy\u1ebfuh\u1ec7th\u1ea7nkinh.Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb HIV d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 AIDS &#8211; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 HIV nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb AIDS. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi r\u00fat (ART) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat HIV, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi HIV \/ AIDS. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n26. 24 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV\/ AIDS v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Nhi\u1ec1ung\u01b0\u1eddic\u00f3HIV\/AIDSc\u00f3th\u1ec3m\u1eafcc\u00e1cd\u1ea1ngkhuy\u1ebftt\u1eadt.C\u00e1cthu\u1ed1ckh\u00e1ngvir\u00fatgi\u00faph\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean (6). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c) do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a HIV. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 da v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea7n kinh (t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v.v) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. HIV \/ AIDS th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eb7p k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, b\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i (7). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 mang gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft HIV \/ AIDS. Nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 (8). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 phi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00edt nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (9) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (10). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 sau: M\u00f9 ch\u1eef &#8211; Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 HIV v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV (8). M\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cao h\u01a1n (xem M\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c). H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 HIV &#8211; M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p (9) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 HIV (11). \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 HIV t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 HIV kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<br \/>\n27. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS 25 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i (3). H\u1ed8P 11 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Mozambique v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 HIV ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV v\u00e0 AIDS kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (12). Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c Mozambique H\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV &#8211; Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y (10). M\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 ti v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n (9). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00ec mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c an to\u00e0n (3). L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (4), n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV cao h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (10) (xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i). C\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HIV \/ AIDS Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HIV, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, thu\u1ed1c men, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (10,13). C\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ch\u00ednhs\u00e1ch- Do t\u01b0 duy cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (14), n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc(8).Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi r\u00fat khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c (2,8). C\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin &#8211; C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe l\u0103n), thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i Braille, \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (5).<br \/>\n28. 26 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG Th\u00e1i\u0111\u1ed9ti\u00eauc\u1ef1cv\u00e0hi\u1ec3ubi\u1ebftch\u01b0ac\u1eb7nk\u1ebdc\u1ee7anh\u00e2nvi\u00eanyt\u1ebf- Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n (14). \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trung t\u00e2m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m AIDS cho ra v\u1ec1 ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS (8). Th\u00f3iquent\u00ecmki\u1ebfmd\u1ecbchv\u1ee5yt\u1ebf &#8211; C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y do d\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 khi th\u1ea5y lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (11), ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn HIV \/ AIDS khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i che d\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV (9), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng khi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV \/ AIDS. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, song h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thu nh\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng 4-5% tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai cha m\u1eb9 do nhi\u1ec5m AIDS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (5). Khi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, g\u1eedi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i (10). Tr\u1ebb em v\u1eeba b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eeba b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb xa l\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (5). H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ee5c C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u chung l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u2022 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung; \u2022 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/ AIDS d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV \/ AIDS th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n29. PHCNDVC\u0110 v\u00e0 HIV\/AIDS 27 C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a HIV \/ AIDS. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn HIV \/ AIDS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (5). Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n trong ph\u1ea7n Y t\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, PHCNDVC\u0110 \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do HIV duy tr\u00ec l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HIV PHCNDVC\u0110 n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 HIV \/ AIDS theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau: \u2022 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3; \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, \u0111i l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3; \u2022 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS \u0111\u01b0a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00e1p ph\u00edch, bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i xe l\u0103n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1eady b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c; \u2022 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t bao cao su ngay trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao cao su l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ra sao; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn; \u2022 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt\u0111\u1ec3t\u01b0v\u1ea5nchoc\u00e1cch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhv\u00e0d\u1ecbchv\u1ee5v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<br \/>\n30. 28 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn PHCNDVC\u0111 &gt; 7: T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U B\u1ed4 SUNG t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thuy\u1ebft minh b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u0103ng ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i Braille, ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; \u2022 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; \u2022 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2022 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sau khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 HIV d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i th\u00f4ng qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u1ed8P 12 En T\u1ea1i Uganda, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 HIV d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. C\u00f4 mang thai, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 HIV \/ AIDS. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus. Hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4 v\u00e0 con (\u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh) \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4 u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111i l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfm thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 \u0111ang khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 HIV \/AIDS. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t HIV nh\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi Uganda \u0110\u01b0a\u0111\u1ed1it\u01b0\u1ee3ngng\u01b0\u1eddis\u1ed1ngchungv\u1edbiHIV\/AIDSv\u00e0oc\u00e1cch\u01b0\u01a1ngtr\u00ecnhPHCNDVC\u0110 V\u00ec PHCNDVC\u0110 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HIV \/ AIDS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean PHCNDVC\u0110, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh PHCNDVC\u0110 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u2022 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bh\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vai tr\u00f2 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 HIV v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung: b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 4 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, g\u1ed3m: s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, HIV\/AIDS, b\u1ec7nh phong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":5671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5287,4413,5282,5281],"tags":[],"series":[2184],"coauthors":[2185],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"http:\/\/facebook.com\/WHO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-25T12:40:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-16T21:10:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"WHO\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"WHO\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"123 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label3\" content=\"Vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data3\" content=\"WHO\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/\",\"name\":\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-25T12:40:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-16T21:10:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/97b9517a0b6da82b5dbbd1b4bff6f666\"},\"description\":\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg\",\"width\":660,\"height\":330,\"caption\":\"T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Trang ch\u1ee7\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung &#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook]\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/\",\"name\":\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\",\"description\":\"Just another C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/97b9517a0b6da82b5dbbd1b4bff6f666\",\"name\":\"WHO\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/8421fb7df573cac5f35410e9307a682c\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/233-profile-who-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/233-profile-who-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"WHO\"},\"description\":\"WHO V\u00ec S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng N\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Ng\u00e0nh: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/facebook.com\/WHO\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/author\/who\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","description":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","og_description":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","og_url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","og_site_name":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","article_author":"http:\/\/facebook.com\/WHO","article_published_time":"2016-01-25T12:40:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-03-16T21:10:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":660,"height":330,"url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"WHO","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"WHO","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"123 ph\u00fat","Vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"WHO"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/","name":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg","datePublished":"2016-01-25T12:40:05+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-16T21:10:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/97b9517a0b6da82b5dbbd1b4bff6f666"},"description":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook] - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2015\/07\/Tai-lieu-bo-xung-Huong-dan-Phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong.jpg","width":660,"height":330,"caption":"T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/quyen-7-tai-lieu-bo-xung-huong-dan-phuc-hoi-chuc-nang-dua-vao-cong-dong-ebook\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Trang ch\u1ee7","item":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Quy\u1ec3n 7: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 xung &#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [eBook]"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#website","url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/","name":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c","description":"Just another C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/97b9517a0b6da82b5dbbd1b4bff6f666","name":"WHO","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/8421fb7df573cac5f35410e9307a682c","url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/233-profile-who-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/233-profile-who-96x96.jpg","caption":"WHO"},"description":"WHO V\u00ec S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng N\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Ng\u00e0nh: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o: \u0111ang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt","sameAs":["http:\/\/facebook.com\/WHO"],"url":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/author\/who\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5670"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5670"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5670\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5670"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=5670"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}