{"id":6548,"date":"2019-01-06T07:59:21","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T00:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2019\/01\/06\/su-dung-cong-nghe-crispr-de-chua-duoc-tan-goc-cac-benh-di-truyen-cua-con-nguoi-ao-vong-hay-thuc-te\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T05:15:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T22:15:54","slug":"su-dung-cong-nghe-crispr-de-chua-duoc-tan-goc-cac-benh-di-truyen-cua-con-nguoi-ao-vong-hay-thuc-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/su-dung-cong-nghe-crispr-de-chua-duoc-tan-goc-cac-benh-di-truyen-cua-con-nguoi-ao-vong-hay-thuc-te\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CRISPR \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng hay th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n<\/a>, AIDS<\/a>, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong y t\u1ebf, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eef “CRISPR” c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n ch\u00fat \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 “\u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng” v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1edbi l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u0169, c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene CRISPR-Cas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc 10 n\u0103m qua, ph\u00e1t minh t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene<\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 CRISPR-Cas. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1edf ra v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o y h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 gene c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gene<\/strong>” b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970s khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthao t\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i chu\u1ed7i DNA (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n) c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u1ed3n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra si\u00eau nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t xa. Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA (A, T, G, C) d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed9 gene nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene<\/strong> tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m, li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p gene, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 (epigenetics). M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n virus HIV ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh AIDS m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-Cas l\u00e0 TS Emmanuelle Charpentier<\/strong> v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00ean men s\u1eefa chua kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i virus nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR, c\u00f4 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ebd sang m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi TS Jennifer Doudna \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Berkeley, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt CRISPR-Cas9 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda DNA ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-Cas \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1eefu nh\u0169 (mammalian cell) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a TS Feng Zhang t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n Broad, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) v\u00e0 TS George Church c\u1ee7a Harvard. V\u00ec v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb tranh ch\u1ea5p d\u1eef d\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa MIT-Harvard v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

CRISPR-Cas ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00edch nghi<\/strong> c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. CRISPR l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “nh\u00f3m tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ng\u1eafn, ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu\u201d. Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a virus m\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 sau vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus ti\u1ebfp theo. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh, c\u00f2n k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 virus. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfn binh\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p y chang c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong kho. Qua th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a virus. Khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d n\u00e0o, th\u00ec vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 ra, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201cl\u1ea5y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-Cas gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tu\u1ed9c-n\u01a1-v\u00edt \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111inh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 enzyme Cas9<\/strong> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft DNA. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eb7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 s\u1eb5n. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RNA n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng enzyme Cas9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

\"S\u1eed<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-CAS<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n<\/strong> c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, th\u00ec t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00fang. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-Cas9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA b\u1ecb sai h\u1ecfng<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c sai h\u1ecfng trong DNA c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi v\u1ecdng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u201cCRISPR-Cas\u201d ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. Nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a sinh h\u1ecdc. T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CRISPR-Cas9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gene, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c<\/a>, CRISPR-Cas9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tim ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi. H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ec7nh\u201d<\/strong> (disease modeling) v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111ang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea7n kinh (Alzheimer<\/a>, Parkinson, t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7), ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf CRISPR-Cas9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai h\u1ecfng do b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong> trong c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a TS Hans Clevers t\u1ea1i \u0110H Utrecht, H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2013. TS Hans Clevers n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t non th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cru\u1ed9t thu nh\u1ecf\u201d<\/strong> (intestinal organoid). X\u01a1 nang <\/strong><\/a>(cystic fibrosis) l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh do m\u1ed9t sai h\u1ecfng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean gene CTFR l\u00e0m t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn trong ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp, nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u201cru\u1ed9t thu nh\u1ecf\u201d t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng x\u01a1 nang, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt CRISPR-Cas9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i sai tr\u00ean gene CTFR. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: gene b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa s\u1ed1 \u201cru\u1ed9t thu nh\u1ecf\u201d m\u00e0 Clevers \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CRISPR.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00f4i nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1ee9ng, tinh tr\u00f9ng hay ph\u00f4i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft 9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c<\/a><\/pre>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1ea7m, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en, v.v… M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gene ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ec7ch m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/strong> (off-target) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1.
\nTrong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1ea1nh tay\u201d th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2015, do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sun Yat-Sen, t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda sai h\u1ecfng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh beta thalassemia<\/strong><\/a> ngay tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature v\u00e0 Science t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i gene \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi virus HIV. N\u0103m 2017 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Oregon Health & Science University, M\u1ef9, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m CRISPR tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene MYBPC3 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 tim ph\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong> (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1.CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing technology significantly accelerated herpes simplex virus research<\/a><\/p>\n
2.https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/jennifer_doudna_we_can_now_edit_our_dna_but_let_s_do_it_wisely<\/a><\/p>\n
3.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/ellen_jorgensen_what_you_need_to_know_about_crispr<\/a><\/p>\n
4.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/paul_knoepfler_the_ethical_dilemma_of_designer_babies<\/a><\/p>\n
5.\u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_M._Church<\/a><\/p>\n
6.https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feng_Zhang<\/a><\/p>\n
7.\u00a0http:\/\/time.com\/4882855\/crispr-gene-editing-human-embryo<\/a><\/p>\n
8.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
CRISPR-Cas l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, AIDS, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong y t\u1ebf, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":380,"featured_media":6550,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4837,3288,5302,1],"tags":[3955,4028,4855,3663,4856,4853],"series":[2676],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CRISPR \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng hay th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CRISPR-Cas l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, AIDS, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong y t\u1ebf, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/su-dung-cong-nghe-crispr-de-chua-duoc-tan-goc-cac-benh-di-truyen-cua-con-nguoi-ao-vong-hay-thuc-te\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CRISPR \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng hay th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"CRISPR-Cas l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n, AIDS, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong y t\u1ebf, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/su-dung-cong-nghe-crispr-de-chua-duoc-tan-goc-cac-benh-di-truyen-cua-con-nguoi-ao-vong-hay-thuc-te\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/kimvybear\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-01-06T00:59:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-16T22:15:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2018\/11\/cong-nghe-crispr-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"TS. 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