{"id":6677,"date":"2019-07-21T15:06:37","date_gmt":"2019-07-21T08:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2019\/07\/21\/bui_min\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T05:26:08","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T22:26:08","slug":"bui_min","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/bui_min\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4 khan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, tin l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam 2 link b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i si\u00eau nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 2,5 micron hay nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3, c\u00f3 khi nhi\u1ec1u khi \u00edt, c\u00f3 khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec b\u1ee5i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u trang l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i khi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f3i xe, b\u1ee5i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v.v.. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u00fang ta h\u00edt th\u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbt m\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0<\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/a>, tim m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang nghi ng\u1edd n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i DNA. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Mai Qu\u1ed1c \u1ea4n, m\u1ed9t facebooker \u0111ang ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n: b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u00e0o m\u00f2n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng gi\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u trang v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eeba b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea9u trang N95 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Mang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang k\u00edch c\u1ee1<\/h3>\n

L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea9u trang v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi mang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y khoa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u1ee1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec5 d\u1ec5 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee1i, sao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n

Mang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t da. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh Y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a N95, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng FIT test. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o.
\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=05wyH1-mLGk&t=51s<\/a><\/p>\n

Mang nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn d\u1ecbch, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i N95 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i trong ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n b\u1ee5i, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o chung \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 1 ng\u00e0y. L\u00fd do r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o ra mang v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u00f4i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho nhi\u1ec1u vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111em m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 vi tr\u00f9ng d\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c mang N95 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u0169ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi th\u1edf ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00e2y \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi van th\u1edf ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quy kh\u1ea9u trang N95 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i trong xe<\/h2>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed x\u1ea5u \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ra ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ra ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o khi d\u00f9ng 4 b\u00e1nh thay v\u00ec 2 b\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t HVAC thu nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 3 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea5m (heat), th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 (ventilation) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh (air conditionner). S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ch\u1ec9 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e1i xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng h\u00edt th\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u trang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc gi\u00f3 trong xe, cabin filter (CF, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ecdc gi\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1: engine filter).<\/p>\n

B\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. CF ch\u1ec9 l\u1ecdc lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n hay AC Max. CF c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap l\u1ecdc b\u1ee5i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i HEPA (high efficacy for particulate arrestance). Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n HEPA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn 99.97 % c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn 0.3 micron, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00fap c\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh xe h\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 b\u0103n kho\u0103n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? Do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc chu\u1ea9n HEPA c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t cao n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0a xe cho garage l\u00e0m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng HEPA, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng – v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, cabin filter ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c usd ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i HEPA, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thay trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng HEPA filter l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i filter ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thay.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n m\u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n hay AC Max do s\u1ee3 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, s\u1ee3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, s\u1ee3 kh\u00f3i x\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c do mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1nh nhanh. Khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc v\u00e0o xe r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00ed carbonic trong xe. Khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kh\u00ed carbonic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i x\u1ebf t\u0103ng bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean l\u1ea5y th\u00eam kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch trong xe. N\u00f3i th\u00eam, cabin filter d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 thay m\u1ed7i 12.000 mile n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1 trong 6 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi CO2, Ozon, SO2, NO2, CO. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc HEPA kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec. Khi trong d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 trong xe h\u01a1i hay tr\u00ean xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. CO2 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y mai, tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi hay th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi. C\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady, WHO g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i trong nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n

Khi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 t\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u00e0. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3n gi\u00f3 tr\u1eddi. \u1ede H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p k\u00edn v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5t ru\u1ed3i \u1edf chung quanh: nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1nh trong nh\u00e0, ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf M\u1ef9, hay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a trung t\u00e2m HVAC, g\u1ed3m 3 c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0 trong xe h\u01a1i: l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n n\u00f3ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5m l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5m n\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u0169ng v\u1eady, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 (Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch sau khi qua filter, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m hay l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp nh\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf \u1edf t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi (5-10%) \u0111\u1ec3 pha lo\u00e3ng c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng thay m\u1ed7i 3 th\u00e1ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc chu\u1ea9n HEPA th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh 1 c\u1ee5c hay 2 c\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed. L\u00fd do? Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee5i c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1i m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc HEPA kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh ngay khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00e1ng l\u1ef1c cao. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 cao \u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i hay vi khu\u1ea9n th\u01a1 th\u1ea9n qua l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 trong ph\u1ed5i ai \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho d\u00f2ng b\u1ee5i m\u1edbi tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, qua khe c\u1eeda, qua d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 ra v\u00e0o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y x\u1ea5u tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 hay \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i trong nh\u00e0, hay \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7i, b\u1eb1ng than t\u1ea1o b\u1ee5i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh suy\u1ec3n, b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, theo WHO, s\u1ed1 t\u1eed vong v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec so v\u1edbi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee5i trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 6, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u0103ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kinh kh\u1ee7ng v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9t xe \u1edf qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 1. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o V\u0169 Kim H\u1ea1nh h\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau kg b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u0111\u00e3 bay v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c trong d\u00f2ng xe b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y b\u1ef1c v\u00ec ch\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo v\u00ec b\u1ee5i.
\nS\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2018 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 3,8 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a WHO, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? Hay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m? V\u1ed1n d\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i may \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Bankok, c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc kinh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta b\u1eadn qu\u00e1, ch\u1eb3ng ai ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn PM2.5 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n (AQI =Air Quality Index), C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi c\u1ea7n. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed qu\u00e1 k\u00e9m, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u1ea9n tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ra ngo\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y b\u1ee5i (xe, m\u00e1y, b\u1ebfp…) v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang n\u1ebfu ra ngo\u00e0i. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 TPHCM (\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n). C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i b\u1eb1ng app Air Visual tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau % ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn AQI nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen. S\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, s\u1ef1 m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n, th\u00f3i quen nhang \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0ng m\u00e3, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y tr\u1ebb em trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c, v\u0103n minh nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9p m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh , th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng …Th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft h\u1ee1i \u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n th\u1edd \u01a1, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ee5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf…nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i. Trong khi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f3i \u0111en cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u1ea1p. C\u00e2y xanh v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111i. Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m. Xe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 “\u00f9n \u1ee9” kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i . H\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u…V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i m\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00ec ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n