{"id":6679,"date":"2019-07-21T05:44:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-20T22:44:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khac\/2019\/07\/21\/benzene-ki-1-mui-thom-chet-choc\/"},"modified":"2024-03-17T05:27:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T22:27:06","slug":"benzene-ki-1-mui-thom-chet-choc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/du-an-khac\/benzene-ki-1-mui-thom-chet-choc\/","title":{"rendered":"Benzene k\u00ec 1: M\u00f9i th\u01a1m ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed3i trung h\u1ecdc hay \u0111i ng\u1ee7 k\u00e9 nh\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n. C\u00f2n nh\u1edb, t\u1ed1i x\u00e1ch c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111i ki\u1ebfm kem kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. H\u1ecfi n\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u00ecnh c\u1ee5c x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, n\u00f3i x\u00e0i c\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u00e8! C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “gi\u1eb7t” hai h\u00e0m r\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u01a1i ng\u1ed3 ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. C\u0169ng th\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch h\u01a1i qu\u00e1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y xe \u0111\u1ea1p sau m\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00edt kh\u00f3i xe. \u1eb6c, \u1ed5ng khen th\u01a1m! M\u00e0 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 ngu, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3i th\u01a1m v\u00ec benzene. S\u00e1ch h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, nh\u1edb c\u00f3 n\u00f3i g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1m nh\u00f3c \u1ea5y c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng Chinsu l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec benzene nh\u01b0ng Chinsu v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ea1o ra Benzene trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Benzen m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed5 x\u0103ng, th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng h\u00edt m\u1ed9t t\u00ed. Ra qu\u00e1n cafe hay l\u00ean bar nghe nh\u1ea1c, ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea1nh m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng phun kh\u00f3i m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, benzen \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eddi. Mua \u00e1o m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean gi\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi m\u1eb7c? \u0110\u1ec3 benzene tr\u00f4i h\u1ebft \u0111i. V\u00e0o xe d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ngay? \u0110\u1ec3 xua benzene ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9 c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa! C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi benzene, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0o lao chung quanh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"Benzene<\/p>\n

C6H6, Benzene, hydrocarbon 6 v\u00f2ng th\u01a1m<\/strong><\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t sinh ung nh\u00f3m 1 theo x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a IARC<\/strong>, c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 m\u00e1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khoan h\u00e3y h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng v\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong y khoa h\u01a1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 sinh ung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ” ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 d\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb”. Nh\u00e2n – qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 L\u00c0M T\u0102NG R\u1ee6I RO M\u1eaeC B\u1ec6NH. T\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau? C\u00f2n t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1i list d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m 1, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con virus, vi khu\u1ea9n quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 HBV, HCV, HPV, HIV, HP v.v..<\/strong>. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m danh nh\u01b0 formaldehyt, amiang, aflatoxin…L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn t\u1ec9nh queo “nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u” nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn (x\u00fac x\u00edch, l\u1ea1p x\u01b0\u1edfng, bacon v.vvv). Benzene, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Benzen g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u01b0a l\u00e0, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p. H\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n sinh ung, benzene d\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Sau n\u00e1y bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng benzen v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ef1a, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, kh\u00f3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, s\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v.v.. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf benzene tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb xe \u0111\u1eadu trong gararge, t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf \u0111ang c\u1eb7m c\u1ee5i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 benzene, d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ch\u1ea5t sinh ung th\u01b0? \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00f4i, x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a IARC ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0103n 50gr th\u1ecbt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 18% so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00e2u l\u00e2u m\u1edbi \u0103n th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 chung v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 5 %-Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0103n th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh (5*1.18), th\u00e0nh 6%. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u0103ng ch\u00fat x\u00edu m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u0111i soi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ee3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n ?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Benzene th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n benzene c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee9 hai, benzene c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u0129 ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u. Th\u1ee9 ba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng benzene m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa benzene v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 m\u00e1u di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a WHO v\u1ec1 benzene \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a benzene \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp, Benzene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i, n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y h\u1ecda qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay h\u00edt kh\u00f3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u00e1n chuy\u1ec7n x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh hay b\u1ed3n x\u0103ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 bay h\u01a1i, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i x\u0103ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Benzene. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2018 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia\/ M\u1ef9 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed3n x\u0103ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf 2 tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng cho th\u1ea5y, trung b\u00ecnh b\u01a1m 1000 l\u00edt, th\u00ec bay m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 3-7 l\u00edt. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chung quanh tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i t\u1eeb b\u1ed3n x\u0103ng ng\u1ea7m tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i qua van th\u1edf, gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i khi n\u1ea1p x\u0103ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i c\u1ea5p 1 (stage 1 vapor recovery), v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ed3n ng\u1ea7m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 xe b\u1ed3n khi b\u01a1m x\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ra ngo\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi b\u01a1m t\u1eeb c\u00e2y x\u0103ng v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh x\u0103ng xe. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00ed c\u1ea5p 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed5 thu \u1edf c\u1ea7n b\u01a1m s\u1ebd h\u00fat c\u00e1c kh\u00ed trong b\u00ecnh x\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3n ng\u1ea7m. Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp ngay tr\u00ean xe, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thu l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y (ORVR = Onboard Refueling Volatile Recovery ) gi\u00fap thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 98% kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, t\u1eeb 2012, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00ed c\u1ea5p 2 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed bay h\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70, xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i (catalyst converter) gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n NO2,CO, hydrocarbon th\u00e0nh N2, CO2 v\u00e0 H2O, tuy kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xe xanh (xe hybrid v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, tuy ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Benzene:<\/p>\n