{"id":1757,"date":"2014-09-09T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-09T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/du-an-khoa-nhi\/2018\/09\/03\/cham-phat-trien-tam-than\/"},"modified":"2024-03-04T13:47:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T06:47:18","slug":"cham-phat-trien-tam-than","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/nhi-khoa\/cham-phat-trien-tam-than\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n?<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed n\u00e3o, tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 1-3% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t nam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 12.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 36.000 tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"Gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho tr\u1ebb <\/em> ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, giao ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v.v… l\u00e0m tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Tr\u1ebb m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp n\u00f3i, t\u1eadp \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v.v…<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do tr\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng, \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (h\u00ecnh 1).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n?<\/h2>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kho\u1ea3ng 60% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 20-40% l\u00e0 do di truy\u1ec1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

Do di truy\u1ec1n <\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> x\u1ea3y ra do tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n (gen, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3) b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down<\/a> do c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 3 NST th\u1ee9 21, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh X d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y v.v… v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh do b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n gen b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh suy gi\u00e1p b\u1ea9m sinh<\/a>, \u0111i ti\u1ec3u ra phenylk\u00eat\u00f4n do r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a axit amin phenylalanin v.v..<\/p>\n

Do c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec mang thai <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Do trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai m\u1eb9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u. N\u1ebfu khi mang thai m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m virut nh\u01b0 rubella, cytomegalovirus v.v… c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra khi<\/strong> sinh tr\u1ebb <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb sinh non th\u00e1ng<\/a>, b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ng\u1ea1t khi sinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra sau sinh <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb vi\u00eam n\u00e3o<\/a> ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam n\u00e3o do virut ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; b\u1ecb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng; tr\u1ebb v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec<\/a>, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n qua th\u1ee9c \u0103n v.v… c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v.v… c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

Tr\u1ebb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n <\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n