{"id":5242,"date":"2016-01-14T11:52:36","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T04:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/nhi-khoa\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-benh-viem-nao-nhat-ban\/"},"modified":"2024-04-24T12:09:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T05:09:06","slug":"nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-benh-viem-nao-nhat-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/nhi-khoa\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-benh-viem-nao-nhat-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/h2>\n

\"Ti\u00eam <\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda Ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec cho tr\u1ebb <\/em> <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o Nh\u1eadt\u00a0B\u1ea3n l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i.
B\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y n\u00ean do vi rut vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh\u00a0vi\u00eam n\u00e3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n? <\/h2>\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n vi\u00eam n\u00e3o \u2013 m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o tu\u1ef7, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc, t\u1eed vong r\u1ea5t cao. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1935 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n nguy\u00ean b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i vi r\u00fat t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 vi r\u00fat vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1938 c\u0169ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i\u00a0Culex tritaeniorhynchus\u00a0(Cu-l\u1ebfc\u00a0tri-t\u00ea-nio-rin-c\u00fat),\u00a0v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u00ecm ra vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat VNNB l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 chim. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1959 d\u1ecbch Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do vi r\u00fat vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n V\u1ec7 sinh D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1964, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi r\u00fat vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n V\u1ec7 sinh D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u HN-60. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung du mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c \u1ed5 d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng\u00a0l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t theo m\u00f9a, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 6, 7. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m\u00a0c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 3000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 sau khi c\u00f3 v\u1eafc xin vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (TCMR) s\u1ed1\u00a0m\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft do b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam? <\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Philippin, v\u00f9ng vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang Nga h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh\u00a0VNNB v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc kh\u00e1 cao. <\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc. Chim di tr\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n theo\u00a0h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh virut vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

Vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c vi r\u00fat g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh do c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi r\u00fat Arbo (\u00e1c-bo). <\/p>\n

Vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh 40-50 na-n\u00f4-m\u00e9t, l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o\u00a0b\u1edfi a-x\u00edt nh\u00e2n (ARN) s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a virut. <\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 glyco-protein. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean\u00a0ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh kh\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a h\u1ea1t vi r\u00fat. <\/p>\n

Virut Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec ? <\/h2>\n

Vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ednh cao v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 chim hoang d\u00e3. <\/p>\n

Virut b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (sau 30 ph\u00fat \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 56oC, sau 2 ph\u00fat \u1edf 100oC), v\u00e0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u1edf n\u1ed3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

Vi r\u00fat vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb h\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt mu\u1ed7i qua da do mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Sau khi qua da, h\u1ea1t vi r\u00fat nh\u00e2n l\u00ean t\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi da v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch lympho v\u00f9ng, di chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch lympho, tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virut huy\u1ebft\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i th\u1ea7n kinh. <\/p>\n

Virut \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y sung huy\u1ebft, ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft vi th\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u00e3o.\u00a0G\u00e2y c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng vi th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u00a0hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh, tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e3o, vi\u00eam t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m, n\u00e3o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u00e2n n\u00e3o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e3o c\u1ea5p. <\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 sinh kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o tu\u1ef7. <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0do c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra, sau khi nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh), ho\u1eb7c sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e1c xin Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. Kh\u00e1ng\u00a0th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gl\u00f4-bu-lin (Ig) mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 2 l\u1edbp gl\u00f4-bu-lin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u00e0: <\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 IgM xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, ngay sau khi nhi\u1ec5m virut v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 60\u00a0ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng MAC-ELISA\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 IgG xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed IgG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua nhau thai. Khi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virut l\u1ea7n 2 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed IgG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u00a0ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao <\/p>\n

\u1ed4 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? <\/h2>\n

\"nguy\u00ean <\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n <\/em> <\/p>\n

\u1ed4 ch\u1ee9a vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o\u00a0nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n\u00a0r\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n

\u1ed4 ch\u1ee9a vi r\u00fat ti\u00ean <\/span> ph\u00e1t <\/span> <\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chim, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

\u1ed4 ch\u1ee9a vi r\u00fat th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p <\/span> <\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i s\u00fac v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ee3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, d\u00ea, c\u1eebu, ch\u00f3, kh\u1ec9. B\u00f2 v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0mang vi r\u00fat nh\u01b0ng \u00edt khi l\u00e0m l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi do th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u gi\u1eef vi r\u00fat r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m\u00a0l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m <\/em> <\/span> <\/strong> b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean <\/em> <\/span> <\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chim, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 tu h\u00fa, li\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ebfu. <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em> <\/span> <\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i gia s\u00fac, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ee3n nh\u00e0. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat qua mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t, tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao lo\u00e0i l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m quan tr\u1ecdng ? <\/h2>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec: <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vir\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0r\u1ea5t cao (kho\u1ea3ng 80% \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ee3n nu\u00f4i), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee3n nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u00a0c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n). <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0trong m\u00e1u l\u1ee3n x\u1ea3y ra ngay sau khi l\u1ee3n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vir\u00fat. Th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec5m vir\u00fat huy\u1ebft \u1edf l\u1ee3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi\u00a0s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vir\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0trong m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho mu\u1ed7i Culex tritaeniorhynchus. <\/em> <\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed7i Cx. tritaeniorhynchus <\/em> ,\u00a0v\u00e9c t\u01a1 ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh VNNB cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0r\u1ea5t \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u00fat m\u00e1u l\u1ee3n. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o? <\/h2>\n

B\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u00e2y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u, do c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (mu\u1ed7i) \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat r\u1ed3i \u00a0\u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qua \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed7i\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e9c t\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh. <\/em> <\/p>\n

Vi r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i, t\u1eeb tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a vi r\u00fat. <\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0102n u\u1ed1ng chung, d\u00f9ng chung \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u00e2y\u00a0b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n

\"vi\u00eam <\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n <\/em> <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y chu tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat? <\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 2 chu tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0ch\u00ednh trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: <\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh chim – mu\u1ed7i\u00a0– chim <\/em> <\/span> <\/strong> :\u00a0vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb con chim nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat sang con chim l\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u00fat m\u00e1u\u00a0chim. <\/p>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh l\u1ee3n – mu\u1ed7i – l\u1ee3n <\/em> <\/span> <\/strong> : trong \u0111\u00f3 vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb con l\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat sang con l\u1ee3n l\u00e0nh qua c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u00fat m\u00e1u\u00a0l\u1ee3n. <\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa 2 chu tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 1 chu tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t sinh h\u1ecdc <\/em> , trong \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0(t\u1eeb\u00a0chim v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n) \u0111\u1ed1t, h\u00fat m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n –\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truuy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh? <\/h2>\n

Mu\u1ed7i \u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u00fat m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed7i, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y,\u00a0k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0qua tr\u1ee9ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n mu\u1ed7i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n –\u00a0Lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 vector ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat\u00a0\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? <\/h2>\n

V\u00e9c t\u01a1 ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i Culex tritaeniorhynchus. <\/em> Ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i Culex kh\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Culex vishnui, Culex gelidus. <\/em> Vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u01b0 Aedes albopictus <\/em> , Anophele minimus <\/em> …ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n –\u00a0Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd-sinh th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i\u00a0Cx. tritaeniorhynchus\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/span> <\/h2>\n

Mu\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf\u00a0v\u00f9ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu ru\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n\u00a0ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ea1nh khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, khu v\u01b0\u1eddn chim, v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba. <\/p>\n

\u1ed4 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng (b\u1ecd g\u1eady\/lo\u0103ng qu\u0103ng) c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ao h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc quanh khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0\u00a0c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm. <\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y c\u1ecf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tuy nhi\u00ean mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0v\u1eadt m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac. M\u1ed9t mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0v\u1eadt (n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a no trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa m\u00e1u) trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam (6 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn 9 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i), ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm mu\u1ed7i t\u1eeb c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng bay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c\u00a0chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u00e1u s\u00fac v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay xa t\u1edbi 1,5 km v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y cao c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 13-15m. Mu\u1ed7i\u00a0Culex triteaniorhychus\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t nhanh trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cao tr\u00ean 25 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m tr\u00ean 80%. <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n –\u00a0Mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi r\u00fat\u00a0trong bao l\u00e2u? <\/h2>\n

Sau khi h\u00fat m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat, mu\u1ed7i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ti\u00eau m\u00e1u. Vi r\u00fat nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed7i trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y\u00a0(t\u1ed1i \u0111a 14 ng\u00e0y) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00fat m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virut Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n virut sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau qua\u00a0tr\u1ee9ng. <\/p>\n

Virut th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed7i \u1edf 270C\u2013300C. N\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi 200C\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a virut d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6, th\u00e1ng\u00a07. <\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n x\u00e3y ra \u1edf ai v\u00e0 l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u1ea3o? <\/h2>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi vi r\u00fat Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh\u00a0Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ec7nh g\u1eb7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i (chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean 90% s\u1ed1 ca m\u1eafc) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 1-5 tu\u1ed5i.\u00a0Do c\u00f3 v\u1eafc xin Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, tu\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7nt\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 5 – 9 tu\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m do\u00a0ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m vi r\u00fat, khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n

vi\u00eam n\u00e3o nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn? <\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 2 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9: <\/p>\n