{"id":3583,"date":"2014-04-01T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-01T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/san-phu-khoa\/hiv-va-phu-nu\/"},"modified":"2024-04-28T15:23:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T08:23:35","slug":"hiv-va-phu-nu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/san-phu-khoa\/hiv-va-phu-nu\/","title":{"rendered":"HIV v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m vi-r\u00fat suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV) x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

Vi-r\u00fat suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV) x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c tinh d\u1ecbch. Khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00e1u, vi-r\u00fat x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4). Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 suy gi\u1ea3m. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

HIV l\u00e2y lan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

\"HIV<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1: HIV th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m qua c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

HIV l\u00e2y lan qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang mang thai b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi-r\u00fat sang con. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV cho con b\u00fa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi-r\u00fat sang con. M\u1ed9t khi ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang vi-r\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

HIV kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. Vi-r\u00fat kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua da l\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra sau khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV?<\/h2>\n

\"dau<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 2: M\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/p>\n

HIV g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i (AIDS). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb AIDS ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Virus t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00fam. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 AIDS khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu hay khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

\"xet<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3: X\u00e9t nhi\u1ec7m HIV<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u00ecm kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 HIV trong m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m AIDS, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang hay s\u1ebd m\u1eafc AIDS hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t nhanh (trong kho\u1ea3ng 20 ph\u00fat). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau 2 tu\u1ea7n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec5m HIV?<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 19-64 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV. \u1ede c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eafc-xin ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa AIDS. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan do HIV v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1ebd \u00a0t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho \u00a0b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng, khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV?<\/h2>\n

\"su<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 4: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a HIV trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su. Bao cao su l\u00e0m t\u1eeb da t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c da c\u1eebu kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, bao cao su c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su m\u1ed7i khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay hay ch\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma tu\u00fd, h\u00e3y nh\u1edd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 cai thu\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam, m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong kim ti\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chung kim ti\u00eam v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kim ti\u00eam c\u00f2n s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng. Kim ti\u00eam n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i <\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n