{"id":12145,"date":"2018-09-29T09:16:36","date_gmt":"2018-09-29T02:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu-2\/"},"modified":"2018-09-29T09:16:36","modified_gmt":"2018-09-29T02:16:36","slug":"nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-24045 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu.jpg\" alt=\"nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0\" width=\"660\" height=\"330\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 \u2013 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn) \u1edf gene. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb cha ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ed9t\/v\u00e0i c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Do hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ra th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Nh\u00f3m 1:\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <strong>c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\/\u0111ang b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecd mang th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u00f3 <strong>nguy c\u01a1 <\/strong>\u00a0b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n tham gia x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. <strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m 2: \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <strong>kh\u00f4ng <\/strong>c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n. Trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb) ung th\u01b0. Nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Trong n\u0103m 2018, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 CancerSeek, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 (1, 2) v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 1) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edbm. Nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111ang m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ed9 gene, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, hay protein c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, trung t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong kho\u1ea3ng 5-10% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene c\u00f3 2 vai tr\u00f2: <em>M\u1ed9t<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng. <em>Hai<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><strong> M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>. <strong>\u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0<\/strong> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 12%, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf gene BRCA1 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 69%. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong b\u1ed9 gene, m\u1ed7i gene th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 2 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau, tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gene v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn. Khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n t\u00ednh tr\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n t\u00ednh l\u1eb7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 X. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 Y t\u1eeb cha. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 X mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene l\u1eb7n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9, th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><strong> Nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cao (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 90-100% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gene b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Gene<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"133\"><strong>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\" width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">BRCA1, BRCA2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u1ede n\u1eef: ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u1ede nam: ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t, tu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">TP53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Li- Fraumeni<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, n\u00e3o, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn, m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m, &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">PTEN<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Cowden<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung,&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Lynch<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng, n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung, t\u1eed cung, tu\u1ef5, ru\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf, gan, bao t\u1eed, n\u00e3o, v\u00fa, &#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">APC<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Familial adenomatous polyposis<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng, polyps l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh\/\u00e1c t\u00ednh \u1edf ru\u1ed9t, n\u00e3o, bao t\u1eed, da, &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">RB1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Retinoblastoma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 m\u1eaft, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da, &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">MEN1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Wermer &#8211; U \u0111a tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn tu\u1ef5 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh), tuy\u1ebfn c\u1eadn gi\u00e1p, tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<td width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">RET<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">U \u0111a tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\" width=\"166\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">VHL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\" width=\"133\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Von Hippel-Lindau<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"398\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ung th\u01b0 th\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i u l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng ai n\u00ean \u0111i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 <strong>BA<\/strong> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ec7nh s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>M\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do di c\u0103n).<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf c\u1ea3 2 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan k\u00e9p nh\u01b0 v\u00fa, th\u1eadn, ph\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nhau c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb chung m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9, con g\u00e1i, ch\u1ecb em g\u00e1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa).<\/li>\n<li>M\u1eafc nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ung th\u01b0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa \u1edf nam).<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c di truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n (genetic counselor). Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa nguy c\u01a1, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n cam k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a y h\u1ecdc, nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi t\u1edbi cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sau: <em>D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, \u00c2m t\u00ednh, \u00c2m t\u00ednh th\u1eadt, \u00c2m t\u00ednh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, \u00c2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3, bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 <strong>d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh<\/strong>, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ebd m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo th\u00ec cao h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gene l\u1ed7i n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\u0110i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao.<\/li>\n<li>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho thai nhi v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i trong th\u1ee5 tinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ba m\u1eb9 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thai k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u1edf DNA th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec1u cao s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u00ednh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o t\u1eeb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\u00c2m t\u00ednh th\u1eadt: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c2m t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 c\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3: Do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; \u0110a d\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mang b\u1ec7nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8211; H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y) v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t sinh ung th\u01b0, v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham v\u1ea5n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2><strong> Ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i b\u00e1c s\u0129, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, &#8230;) c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 HIPAA (Privacy Rule of the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act) \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h2><strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 thu v\u00e0 g\u1edfi m\u1eabu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd qua th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u01b0 tay ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i bang \u1edf M\u1ef9 d\u1ea1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">D\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Tuy k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ra \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n<h2><strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u1ede M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gen \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a CLIA.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 14 gene c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\/\u0111ang b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2018\/01\/17\/science.aar3247.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2018\/01\/17\/science.aar3247.full<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/01\/liquid-biopsy-promises-early-detection-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/01\/liquid-biopsy-promises-early-detection-cancer<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/genetic-testing-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/genetic-testing-cancer-risk<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/genetics\/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/genetics\/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/brca-fact-sheet#q2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/genetics\/brca-fact-sheet#q2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ed9 gene, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, hay protein c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":380,"featured_media":12144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2913,2569,2863,3862,3863],"series":[3817],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ed9 gene, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, hay protein c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene l\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong b\u1ed9 gene, nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3, hay protein c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ung Th\u01b0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/kimvybear\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-29T02:16:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-xet-nghiem-gene-trong-tam-soat-ung-thu.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"TS. 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