{"id":12512,"date":"2018-11-18T14:03:27","date_gmt":"2018-11-18T07:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/du-an-lap-ban-do-te-bao-cua-co-the-con-nguoi\/"},"modified":"2018-11-18T14:03:27","modified_gmt":"2018-11-18T07:03:27","slug":"du-an-lap-ban-do-te-bao-cua-co-the-con-nguoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/du-an-lap-ban-do-te-bao-cua-co-the-con-nguoi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i trang facebook c\u1ee7a <em>Mark Zuckerberg<\/em> th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 <em>Qu\u1ef9 Chan Zuckerberg<\/em> v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chanzuckerberg.com\/human-cell-atlas.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Human Cell Atlas<\/em><\/a> (ho\u1eb7c <em>Cell Atlas Initiative<\/em>), v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng <strong>\u201cl\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d<\/strong> cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ecnh\/b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao <em>Qu\u1ef9 Chan Zuckerberg<\/em> l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y? V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0o? X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n Atlas v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n coi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i giun <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wormatlas.org\/celllineages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caenorhbditis elegans<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i giun n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn 3 gi\u1ea3i Nobel. N\u0103m 2002, cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <em>\u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em> <em>(programmed cell death). N<\/em>\u0103m 2006, cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 <em>RNA interference<\/em>. V\u00e0 n\u0103m 2008, cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi protein ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang GFP. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean lo\u00e0i giun n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i 1 mm, \u201ctrong su\u1ed1t\u201d, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1000 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 35-37 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb 79 c\u01a1 quan g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong 200-300 n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao? \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, l\u00e3o ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd <em>(nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n)<\/em>, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o anh em, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh <em>(c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111ang thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ed7i m\u00f4, t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau <em>(ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\/ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau <em>(ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Theo d\u00f5i \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hay th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng\/nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00ec:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o <em>(b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e3o ho\u00e1, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng protein d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o <em>(cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u)<\/em> v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh <em>(ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi cho \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 5 m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn: <em>h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m. H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1edf hai \u201cchi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn\u201d: mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb l\u00fac <em>sinh ra<\/em> (tu\u1ef7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/em> (l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft) v\u00e0 <em>th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/em> (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t, da,&#8230;). V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene, b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 <em>\u201cphi\u00ean m\u00e3\u201d<\/em> (transcriptome) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng\/nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e3o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh h\u01a1n 86 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/sa-sut-tri-tue-dementia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alzheimer<\/a>, Parkinson,<a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/tu-ky-nhung-dieu-can-biet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> t\u1ef1 k\u1ec9<\/a>, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb,&#8230; v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ri\u00eang cho b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4<\/strong> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 da, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t, tuy\u1ebfn v\u00fa, tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, th\u1eadn, gan v.v&#8230; T\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft d\u1ecbch (tuy\u1ebfn v\u00fa, tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i), h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (ru\u1ed9t), b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (da), v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, v.v&#8230; \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ung th\u01b0<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 quan trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ri\u00eang r\u1ebb, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quanh ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0nh, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o, v.v&#8230; M\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed1i u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 kh\u1ed1i u. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong kh\u1ed1i u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi trong ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, <strong>sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed7i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o duy nh\u1ea5t \u2013 h\u1ee3p t\u1eed. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1eebng c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ra sao? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n? T\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ra sao? C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng\/nh\u00e1nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i giun Caenorhbditis elegans, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1eabn chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. Theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, trong kho\u1ea3ng 15-20 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef <em>\u201come\u201d<\/em> tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n genome (b\u1ed9 gene), epigenome (b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e3), transcriptome (b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean m\u00e3), proteome (b\u1ed9 protein). V\u00e0 <em>\u201comics\u201d<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng genomics l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene, proteomics l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 protein. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <em>\u201comics\u201d<\/em> n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gene nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c genomics quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gene. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e3, b\u1ed9 protein v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean m\u00e3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbn (c\u1ee1 1000 \u2013 1 tri\u1ec7u). Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Trong 5 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp, t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 RNA \u1edf t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n <em>(single cell RNA-seq)<\/em> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>Hi v\u1ecdng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 <em>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":12513,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3985],"series":[3976],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - Y H\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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