{"id":7927,"date":"2018-07-30T04:47:08","date_gmt":"2018-07-29T21:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/y-hoc-ca-the-hoa-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2018-07-30T04:47:08","modified_gmt":"2018-07-29T21:47:08","slug":"y-hoc-ca-the-hoa-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/y-hoc-ca-the-hoa-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a (hay y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a) gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, hi v\u1ecdng b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ecm ra nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00edt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ung th\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng\/k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gene hay protein chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t\/\u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\/\u0111\u00edch m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/ung-thu-vu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/ung-thu-vu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li>U m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a (Gastrointestinal stromal tumor)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-benh-ung-thu-than\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 th\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/ung-thu-phoi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/thongtin\/ung-thu-da\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 h\u1eafc t\u1ed1 da<\/a> (Melanoma)<\/li>\n<li>U \u0111a t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng (Multiple myeloma)<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng ung th\u01b0 m\u00e1u hay ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng ung th\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u1ebb em<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\/\u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gene kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan m\u1ea5y t\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gene c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc (Pharmacogenomics):<\/strong> xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00e1u l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t gene c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 UGT1A1. \u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c irinotecan (Camptosar) v\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf gene n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd k\u00ea thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi tr\u1ea3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hu\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng. H\u00e3y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00f4i?<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng bao nhi\u00eau?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/how-cancer-treated\/personalized-and-targeted-therapies\/what-personalized-cancer-medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/how-cancer-treated\/personalized-and-targeted-therapies\/what-personalized-cancer-medicine<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a (hay y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a) gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":4845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2808,2611],"tags":[2871],"series":[1654],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - 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