{"id":8148,"date":"2019-08-01T13:42:38","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T06:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/u-te-bao-mam-o-tre-em-chan-doan\/"},"modified":"2019-08-01T13:42:38","modified_gmt":"2019-08-01T06:42:38","slug":"u-te-bao-mam-o-tre-em-chan-doan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/u-te-bao-mam-o-tre-em-chan-doan\/","title":{"rendered":"U t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em: Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng menu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pf-content\">B\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 di c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Di c\u0103n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i u lan r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1i u b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i u, sinh thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 hay kh\u00f4ng. Khi sinh thi\u1ebft, b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh thi\u1ebft, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi tr\u1ebb em. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i u nghi ng\u1edd<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<li>Tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i th\u0103m kh\u00e1m th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sinh thi\u1ebft:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/biopsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sinh thi\u1ebft<\/a>\u00a0l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 sinh thi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh hay \u00e1c t\u00ednh. B\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (c\u00e1c) m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m. B\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh. B\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu m\u00f4 xem c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0. \u0110\u00f3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Alphafetoprotein (AFP):\u00a0<\/strong>Kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m AFP t\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein t\u0103ng trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khi mang thai. Protein n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi gan thai nhi v\u00e0 t\u00fai no\u00e3n ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00fai b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f4i thai trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u mang thai. AFP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdc \u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe thai nhi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1eed cung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1i. AFP c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/research-and-advocacy\/asco-care-and-treatment-recommendations-patients\/tumor-markers-testicular-cancer-and-extragonadal-germ-cell-tumors-teenage-boys-and-men\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/tumor-marker-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ed1i u<\/a>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i u. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 AFP trong m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beta HCG:\u00a0<\/strong>Kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng beta chorionic gonadotropin \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (hCG). Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone beta hCG cao trong m\u00e1u. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 beta hCG cao \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng mang thai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Si\u00eau \u00e2m:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/ultrasound\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/a>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi s\u00f3ng \u00e2m b\u1ecb d\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ed1i u b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh (CT ho\u1eb7c CAT):\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/computed-tomography-ct-scan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ch\u1ee5p CT<\/a> t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3 chi\u1ec1u b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tia X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u1ed1i u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ee5p CT c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. \u0110\u00f4i khi, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m (thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c (d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MRI<\/a>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec tia X \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. MRI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m (thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3n quang) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c (d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng).<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi l\u00e0m xong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/germ-cell-tumor-childhood\/stages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp theo trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/a>\u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng menu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/germ-cell-tumor-childhood\/diagnosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/germ-cell-tumor-childhood\/diagnosis<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":425,"featured_media":5281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3068,2679],"tags":[3069,2489],"series":[1913],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>U t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em: Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n - D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ung Th\u01b0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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