{"id":8206,"date":"2019-09-30T18:01:34","date_gmt":"2019-09-30T11:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/hoi-chung-lynch\/"},"modified":"2019-09-30T18:01:34","modified_gmt":"2019-09-30T11:01:34","slug":"hoi-chung-lynch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/hoi-chung-lynch\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Anh Qu\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1ed3ng M\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn b\u1edfi Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cancer.net<\/strong><\/a><strong>, th\u00e1ng 8\/2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn b\u1edfi Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Yhoccongdong.com<\/strong><\/a><strong>, th\u00e1ng 7\/2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30647 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/Hoi-chung-Lynch-di-truyen.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"330\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh polyp (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Ung th\u01b0 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ung th\u01b0) ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c t\u00ednh (ung th\u01b0). Kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n sang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng di c\u0103n sang c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/colorectal-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng<\/a>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/uterine-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung (t\u1eed cung)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/stomach-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/breast-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/ovarian-fallopian-tube-and-peritoneal-cancer\/introduction\">ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/small-bowel-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t non (ru\u1ed9t)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/pancreatic-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 t\u1ee5y<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/prostate-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/bladder-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/liver-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 gan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/kidney-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 th\u1eadn<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ung th\u01b0 \u1ed1ng m\u1eadt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch. Manh m\u1ed1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>ASCO (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ung th\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asco.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society of Clinical Oncology)<\/a> khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asco.org\/endorsements\/HereditaryCRC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.asco.org\/endorsements\/HereditaryCRC<\/strong><\/a>. (Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trang web kh\u00e1c.)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>V\u1eady d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai n\u00ean l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Bethesda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 tu\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c * c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ADN (MMR-D, Mismatch Repair &#8211; Deficient) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh vi v\u1ec7 tinh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (MSI-H, Microsatellite Instability &#8211; High) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ed1i u.<\/li>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c * li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng \u1edf 1 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n g\u1ed3m cha m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch *, v\u1edbi 1 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i 50.<\/li>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng \u1edf 2 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n bao g\u1ed3m cha m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t, con c\u00e1i, d\u00ec, ch\u00fa, \u00f4ng b\u00e0, ch\u00e1u ru\u1ed9t, ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd* (ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung, ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t non, ung th\u01b0 ni\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 th\u1eadn, ung th\u01b0 b\u00e0ng quang, ung th\u01b0 \u1ed1ng m\u1eadt, ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y ho\u1eb7c u tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nh\u1eddn c\u1ee7a da).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Bethesda \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch n\u00ean g\u1eb7p chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Muir-Torre l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf da ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf da, bao g\u1ed3m u tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 nh\u1eddn, bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3, ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e3 v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ea3y. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng da hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Turcot l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111a polyp th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ebfn (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, FAP) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Turcot. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Turcot hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>V\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch? <\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn germline (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng m\u1ea7m) hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong to\u00e0n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ADN c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gen <em>MLH1<\/em>, <em>MSH2<\/em>, <em>MSH6<\/em>, <em>PMS2<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>EPCAM<\/em>. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn (thay \u0111\u1ed5i) trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gen n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gen n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch th\u00ec c\u00f3\u00a0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng gen <em>MLH1<\/em>, <em>MSH2<\/em>, <em>MSH6<\/em>, <em>PMS2<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>EPCAM<\/em>. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gen kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do di truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hay ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i (acquired mutations). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen n\u00e0y (<em>MLH1<\/em>, <em>MSH2<\/em>, <em>MSH6<\/em>, <em>PMS2<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>EPCAM<\/em>), m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 m\u00e1u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 do di truy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 2 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gen: 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb m\u1eb9. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t (autosomal dominant), theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf 1 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a gen th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9 mang gen \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n 1 b\u1ea3n sao b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c 1 b\u1ea3n sao b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. Do \u0111\u00f3, con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 50% nguy c\u01a1 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Anh, ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e2m t\u00ednh th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nguy c\u01a1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cha m\u1eb9 mang \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. Ki\u1ec3m tra gen di truy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i (Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, PGD) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ee5 tinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (In vitro fertilization, IVF). Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n mang gen \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y cho con c\u00e1i. Tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 tinh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Khi ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, 1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen. PGD \u200b\u200b\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n 2 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia s\u1ea3n khoa t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m s\u1ea3n khoa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 3-5% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 2-3% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang gen \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i (di truy\u1ec1n) \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. Hi\u1ec7n nay, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c gen <em>MLH1<\/em>, <em>MSH2<\/em>, <em>MSH6<\/em>, <em>PMS2<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>EPCAM<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf 1 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gen tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u (ung th\u01b0) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch hay kh\u00f4ng. Hai x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh vi v\u1ec7 tinh (Microsatellite Instability, MSI) v\u00e0 h\u00f3a m\u00f4 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (Immunohistochemistry, IHC). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m\u00a0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch:<\/p>\n<h3>Nguy c\u01a1 chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/colorectal-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20% \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ebfn 80%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/stomach-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 13%<\/li>\n<li>Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/liver-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gan<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u1ed1ng m\u1eadt<\/a>) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 4%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/bladder-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u (khung th\u1eadn, ni\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n, b\u00e0ng quang) <\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 18%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/small-bowel-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t non (ru\u1ed9t)<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 6%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/pancreatic-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 6%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/brain-tumor\">U n\u00e3o<\/a> ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/central-nervous-system-tumors-childhood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 3%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/uterine-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15% \u0111\u1ebfn 60%<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/ovarian-fallopian-tube-and-peritoneal-cancer\/introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1% \u0111\u1ebfn 38%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u00fap s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>ASCO khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y v\u1edbi B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><em>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc chung v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1:<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/colonoscopy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng<\/a> m\u1ed7i 1-2 n\u0103m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 25 ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 tr\u1eeb \u0111i 5, t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ed9i soi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed7i 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm vi khu\u1ea9n Helicobacter pylori l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00e1m da to\u00e0n th\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aspirin h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><em>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef:<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f9ng ch\u1eadu, si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00f9ng ch\u1eadu, sinh thi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung m\u1ed7i n\u0103m 1 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb l\u00fac 30 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn 35 tu\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhu c\u1ea7u sinh con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/diagnosing-cancer\/tests-and-procedures\/biopsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng quy<\/a> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n n\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u1eddi th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t sinh ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0?<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 da ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 da kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m MSI ho\u1eb7c IHC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eabu kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/genetics-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/genetics-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/what-expect-when-meeting-genetic-counselor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mong \u0111\u1ee3i khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/cancer-basics\/genetics\/collecting-your-family%E2%80%99s-cancer-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed ung th\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/blog\/2017-03\/how-share-genetic-test-results-with-family\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chia s\u1ebb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lynchcancers.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>http:\/\/www.lynchcancers.com\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccalliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.ccalliance.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>C3: Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fightcolorectalcancer.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.fightcolorectalcancer.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng ung th\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcctakesguts.org\/\"><strong>www.hcctakesguts.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>AliveAndKickn<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/aliveandkickn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>http:\/\/aliveandkickn.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm chuy\u00ean gia di truy\u1ec1n trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c trang web sau:<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Di truy\u1ec1n Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsgc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.nsgc.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7n Ung th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c gia: Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Di truy\u1ec1n Ung th\u01b0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/cancertopics\/genetics\/directory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.cancer.gov\/cancertopics\/genetics\/directory<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/lynch-syndrome?fbclid=IwAR0BvXYa2O1uaytBUJJsXaTU7HCa9-5xWPOHK3B-GVlG9QoQGNav1ambdv0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/lynch-syndrome?fbclid=IwAR0BvXYa2O1uaytBUJJsXaTU7HCa9-5xWPOHK3B-GVlG9QoQGNav1ambdv0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":408,"featured_media":8207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3104,2460],"tags":[3113,3106,2921],"series":[1953],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/hoi-chung-lynch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Lynch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/hoi-chung-lynch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ung Th\u01b0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-30T11:01:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/Hoi-chung-Lynch.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"TS. Phan Minh Li\u00eam\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"TS. 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