B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh nhi m\u1eafc u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng menu \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn chung, u n\u00e3o \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 khi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u1eeb khi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u01a1n 60% tr\u1ebb em ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, th\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb tham gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb u n\u00e3o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m ung th\u01b0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. B\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. B\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ung th\u01b0 nhi khoa. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m ung th\u01b0 nhi khoa n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ung th\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nhi khoa, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00a0ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho tr\u1ebb; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111a ng\u00e0nh<\/u>. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ung th\u01b0 nhi khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam cho tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ebb em, chuy\u00ean gia dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/a>, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb<\/a> v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/a>. Khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y. \u0110\u00f4i khi s\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi nhau. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n Danh s\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng<\/a> v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5<\/a>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/a> c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f9ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d. C\u00f9ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho tr\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh xung quanh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i u, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n gi\u00fap l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00f4 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n\u00a0Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edf s\u1ecd. Sau khi kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 che l\u1ed7 m\u1edf h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecf n\u00e3o. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecf n\u00e3o l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i u n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i u l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00ednh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng cho\u00e1n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt trong u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 shunt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn l\u01b0u d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u00e3o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch trong n\u00e3o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t shunt h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec cho tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, h\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tai bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 do t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/a>.<\/p>\n X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tia X n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u. B\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. Lo\u1ea1i x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00f9m tia ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Khi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb trong ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u00e1p s\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3, ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y l\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb proton. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p proton l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng proton ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tia X. C\u00e1c proton v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p proton ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n V\u00ec x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i u. X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u (xem\u00a0C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/a>):<\/p>\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da nh\u1eb9, n\u00f4n m\u1eeda v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n \u0103n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb<\/a>.<\/p>\n H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 t\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam b\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y – l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng xung quanh n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3, ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong ho\u1eb7c sau x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 2 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00edt sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb:<\/p>\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/a>, t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng<\/a>, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n<\/a>, r\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c<\/a>, ch\u00e1n \u0103n<\/a> v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y.<\/a> Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e3o v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i u. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thu\u1ed1c<\/a>.<\/p>\n Gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c\/t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y khoa trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p m\u00f4 t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gh\u00e9p, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nhi.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c thay th\u1ebf: d\u1ecb th\u00e2n (allogeneic – ALLO) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n (autologous – AUTO). ALLO s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng, trong khi AUTO s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ec7nh nhi. Ch\u1ec9 AUTO m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y, c\u00f2n ALLO hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 trong t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0\/ ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec1u cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n U nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9<\/a> hay ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u.<\/p>\n Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nhi v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u phi y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau khi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt hay x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, h\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho tr\u1ebb. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean tr\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu con b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a theo d\u00f5i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5<\/a> trong ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9<\/a> trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean trang web n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 khi kh\u1ed1i u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh\u201d (no evidence of disease \u2013 NED).<\/p>\n Thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i u s\u1ebd t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t ung th\u01b0. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t<\/a>.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7), l\u00e2n c\u1eadn (t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00f9ng) ho\u1eb7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c (t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xa).<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Sau khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c \u0111i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i u t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi. D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c\/gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb\u00a0 li\u1ec1u cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t cho tr\u1ebb. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u201cc\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n B\u1ec7nh nhi v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0i nghi hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t<\/a>.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb m\u1eafc kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi hay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n hay giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. Nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng. Cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi cho nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd vui h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c theo k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cha m\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ebb tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i<\/a> v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3<\/a>n.<\/p>\n M\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ung th\u01b0 tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n khi m\u1ea5t con<\/a>.<\/p>\nPh\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h2>\n
X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c\/ gh\u00e9p t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o t\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n