{"id":8460,"date":"2020-03-23T02:24:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-22T19:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.org\/ung-thu\/ung-thu-thanh-quan-va-ha-hau-cac-phuong-phap-dieu-tri\/"},"modified":"2020-03-23T02:24:04","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T19:24:04","slug":"ung-thu-thanh-quan-va-ha-hau-cac-phuong-phap-dieu-tri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhoccongdong.com\/ung-thu\/ung-thu-thanh-quan-va-ha-hau-cac-phuong-phap-dieu-tri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0. B\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u (h\u1ea1 h\u1ecdng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi khi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t- c\u1ed5, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean khoa kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111a chuy\u00ean khoa. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i chuy\u00ean gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i khoa ung th\u01b0, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ung th\u01b0, tai m\u0169i h\u1ecdng, ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh h\u00e0m m\u1eb7t (chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5), nha s\u0129, b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u00ednh h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ung th\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ung th\u01b0, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, chuy\u00ean gia dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh cho ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u: x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang l\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng nhau. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c trong khi x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh\/ t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a tr\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n; n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ung th\u01b0, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac m\u1eafc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh qu\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u (T1 ho\u1eb7c T2). Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thanh qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ed1i u thanh qu\u1ea3n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n T3 v\u00e0 T4, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao; trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u thanh qu\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nu\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ASCO v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thanh qu\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h2>X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00f9m tia ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb trong hay x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec1u ch\u1eadm<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng m\u1edbi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u00f9m tia proton \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ch\u00f9m tia proton l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00f9m tia ngo\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c proton ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tia X (photon) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee3t x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh cho ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<h2>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u- c\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nha s\u0129 ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t nha s\u0129 ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nha s\u0129 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. V\u00ec x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u00e2u r\u0103ng, r\u0103ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e2u r\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nha s\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5. V\u00ec x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u01b0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb9o, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nu\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00f3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nu\u1ed1t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, s\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eb7c do t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n), \u0111au x\u01b0\u01a1ng, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, mi\u1ec7ng l\u1edf lo\u00e9t v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c \u0111au h\u1ecdng, kh\u00f3 m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, xem c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean). C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft; \u0111au ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t; kh\u00e0n gi\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i; ch\u00e1n \u0103n, do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb; m\u1ea5t th\u00ednh l\u1ef1c do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong tai gi\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh; s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a r\u00e1y tai, b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng tai; v\u00e0 s\u1eb9o (x\u01a1 h\u00f3a). H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c y t\u00e1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>X\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra suy gi\u00e1p, trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ed5, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u00e1p s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung hormone tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111a chuy\u00ean khoa \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea9n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i u v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh xung quanh kh\u1ed1i u. B\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i u v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t \u00edt m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh xung quanh, sao cho xung quanh v\u00f9ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed1i u. \u0110\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng hay tai bi\u1ebfn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/strong> L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thanh qu\u1ea3n, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:\n<ul>\n<li><em>C\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n tr\u00ean n\u1eafp thanh m\u00f4n.<\/em> C\u1eaft b\u1ecf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ung th\u01b0, th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e2y thanh \u00e2m<\/em>. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/em>. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 1 b\u00ean thanh qu\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><em>C\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean s\u1ee5n nh\u1eabn.<\/em> Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/strong>. C\u1eaft b\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thanh qu\u1ea3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf. Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1edf kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi). B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c sau khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea7u.<\/strong> L\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thanh qu\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ecdng. Sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea1t da t\u1eeb c\u1eb3ng tay, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfp thanh \u00e2m sau khi c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi nu\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nu\u1ed1t sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u1ea1o v\u00e9t<\/strong> <strong>h\u1ea1ch <\/strong><strong>c\u1ed5.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 lan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t h\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1o h\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, n\u1ea1o h\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea1o h\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ea1o h\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng v\u00f9ng vai v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ed5 sau khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng tia la<\/strong><strong>ser<\/strong>. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt laser ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u nh\u1ecf trong thanh qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u1edf kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n<\/strong>. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 v\u00e0o kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n. Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1edf kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho l\u1ed7 m\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i qua l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Sau khi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra, l\u1ed7 l\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1edf qua l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> Hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u00f4 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y s\u01b0ng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf. Sau khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc ho qua l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng v\u00ec s\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nu\u1ed1t. H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i sau khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00f3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, kh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, t\u00ea \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng vai v\u00e0 c\u1ed5. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi c\u1eaft thanh qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mong \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u1ed9i khoa ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n (\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch (IV) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng kim) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi; ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c hay th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0, v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 t\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n, r\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c, ch\u00e1n \u0103n, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng, m\u1ea5t th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi\u00eam lo\u00e9t h\u1ecdng mi\u1ec7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gen ung th\u01b0, protein ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i m\u00f4, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gen, protein v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh kh\u1ed1i u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb sao cho mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Cetuximab (Erbitux) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 di c\u0103n (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/h2>\n<p>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nivolumab (Opdivo) v\u00e0 Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ea3y t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c di c\u0103n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n platium. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng da, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00fam, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0<\/h2>\n<p>Ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ngo\u00e0i y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c hay lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ung th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9. V\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau khi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 song h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<h2>Ung th\u01b0 di c\u0103n<\/h2>\n<p>Ung th\u01b0 di c\u0103n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 lan sang m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean khoa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch, li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gen, protein c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u1ed1i u. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 di c\u0103n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129, y t\u00e1, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch.<\/p>\n<h2>Lui b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>Lui b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 khi ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y ung th\u01b0 c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Lui b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng ung th\u01b0 s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ung th\u01b0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ung th\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7), g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng) ho\u1eb7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c (t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xa). T\u00e1i ph\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. B\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y. Cho d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0i nghi ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. H\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. N\u1ebfu ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 6 th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n xem x\u00e9t ch\u0103m s\u00f3c an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, trung t\u00e2m an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi cho nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer\/types-treatment?fbclid=IwAR1eXtyTaDFvHdt1zFBZ5EqLM9-DEMo9QbOAR05kamdlDYXFnYhrwNPLWnE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer\/types-treatment?fbclid=IwAR1eXtyTaDFvHdt1zFBZ5EqLM9-DEMo9QbOAR05kamdlDYXFnYhrwNPLWnE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":473,"featured_media":5845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2959,2611],"tags":[3226,2462,3227,2471],"series":[1807],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - 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